View source for Proserpinaca

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Proserpinaca
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 88. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Mermaid-weed;proserpinie
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Haloragaceae;Proserpinaca
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Haloragaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Proserpinaca]]</div></div>
|etymology=Ancient name used by Pliny for a Polygonum taxon; derivation uncertain; probably for Proserpina, Roman goddess of spring, or Latin proserpo, creep, alluding to habit
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> monoecious, aquatic or semiaquatic [terrestrial];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="herb reproduction;herb habitat;herb habitat;nodal root derivation;nodal root derivation">with taproot or fibrous and, often, adventitious nodal roots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizome presence"><b>Rhizomes </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem shape;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem coloration or relief;trichome arrangement;trichome coloration;trichome architecture"><b>Stems </b>creeping to erect [decumbent to ascending], terete, unbranched proximally, often branched distally, glabrous or ± punctate, often with scattered, black, ascidiate trichomes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="turion presence"><b>Turions </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>submersed or emersed, alternate, homomorphic, dimorphic, or heteromorphic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf location;leaf location;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf growth form;leaf architecture;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">sessile or petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape">blade entire or lobed to pinnatifid or pectinate, margins entire or serrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;axil arrangement">with trichomes in axils of leaves and scattered on surfaces.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="leaf size;leaf location"><b>Inflorescences </b>usually racemes or cymes, rarely dichasia, in axils of unreduced, emersed leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bracteole arrangement;bracteole arrangement;subtending leaf arrangement;subtending leaf location;secondary and tertiary bracteole presence">bracteoles paired, alternate, opposite subtending emersed leaf, secondary and tertiary bracteoles sometimes present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower reproduction">flowers bisexual.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>3 (or 4) -merous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="petal duration;petal prominence;petal presence">petals caducous, rudimentary, sometimes absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity;antisepalous whorl quantity">stamens 3, in 1 antisepalous whorl;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 3 (or 4) -locular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit prominence or shape;nutlet coloration;nutlet coloration;nutlet coloration;nutlet shape;nutlet shape;nutlet shape;nutlet shape;nutlet shape;nutlet shape;nutlet prominence or shape;angle shape;face shape;face shape"><b>Fruit </b>a nutlet, tan to brown, ovoid, obturbinate, or pyramidal, transversely 3-angled, with acute angles or shallowly 3-lobed, faces concave, flat, or curvilinear, without ridges, surfaces smooth, rugose, papillate, or tuberculate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="surface relief;surface relief;surface relief;surface relief;surface relief;surface relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 2 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves homomorphic, pectinate, elliptic to ovate in outline.
|[[Proserpinaca pectinata|Proserpinaca pectinata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves dimorphic to heteromorphic, submersed leaves pectinate, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or trullate in outline, emersed leaves pinnatifid to shallowly lobed to minutely serrate, lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate in outline.
|[[Proserpinaca palustris|Proserpinaca palustris]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Proserpinaca
|author=Mitchell S. Alix;Robin W. Scribailo
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Haloragaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=
|genus=Proserpinaca
|angle shape=acute
|antisepalous whorl quantity=1
|axil arrangement=scattered
|blade shape=lobed;pinnatifid or pectinate
|bracteole arrangement=alternate;paired
|face shape=concave;3-lobed
|flower architecture=3-merous
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruit coloration=tan;brown
|fruit prominence or shape=flat
|fruit shape=3-angled;pyramidal;obturbinate;pyramidal;obturbinate;ovoid
|herb habitat=semiaquatic;aquatic
|herb reproduction=monoecious
|leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile;heteromorphic;homomorphic
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf growth form=dimorphic
|leaf location=emersed;emersed;submersed
|leaf size=unreduced
|margin architecture or shape=serrate;entire
|nodal root derivation=adventitious;adventitious
|nutlet coloration=tan;brown
|nutlet prominence or shape=flat
|nutlet shape=3-angled;pyramidal;obturbinate;pyramidal;obturbinate;ovoid
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|petal duration=caducous
|petal presence=absent
|petal prominence=rudimentary
|rhizome presence=absent
|secondary and tertiary bracteole presence=absent
|stamen quantity=3
|stem architecture=branched;unbranched
|stem coloration or relief=punctate
|stem orientation=creeping;erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem shape=terete
|subtending leaf arrangement=opposite
|subtending leaf location=emersed
|surface relief=tuberculate;papillate;tuberculate;papillate;rugose;smooth
|trichome architecture=ascidiate
|trichome arrangement=scattered
|trichome coloration=black
|turion presence=absent
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Haloragaceae]]