View source for Pseudognaphalium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pseudognaphalium
|accepted_authority=Kirpicznikov
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser.
|place=1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 33. 1950
|year=1950
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae;Pseudognaphalium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pseudognaphalium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek pseudo -, deceptively similar, and genus name Gnaphalium, alluding to resemblance
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 60, 384, 387, 418, 421, 427, 429
|treatment_page=page 415
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem growth form"><b>Stems </b>1+, usually erect, sometimes decumbent to procumbent (± woolly-tomentose, sometimes stipitate or sessile-glandular).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline or mostly cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">usually sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;base architecture or fixation;base shape;margin architecture or shape;face coloration;face coloration;abaxial face coloration;abaxial face pubescence;adaxial face coloration;adaxial face pubescence;adaxial face pubescence;adaxial face coloration;adaxial face pubescence">blades mostly narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, bases often clasping and/or decurrent, margins entire, faces bicolor or concolor, abaxial white to gray and tomentose to velutinous, adaxial usually greenish and glabrous or glabrescent, sometimes grayish and loosely arachnose (sometimes stipitate or sessile-glandular).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or shape;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>disciform, usually in glomerules in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays, sometimes in terminal clusters.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre atypical some measurement;involucre some measurement"><b>Involucres </b>mostly campanulate to cylindric, (3–) 4–7 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary coloration;phyllary coloration;phyllary coloration;phyllary coloration;phyllary coloration;phyllary coloration;phyllary size;phyllary pubescence or texture;series atypical quantity;series atypical quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>in (2–) 3–7 (–10) series, whitish, rosy, tawny, or brownish (opaque or hyaline, dull or shiny; stereomes usually green, usually sessile-glandular distally), unequal, usually chartaceous toward tips.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, smooth, epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="peripheral floret atypical quantity;peripheral floret quantity"><b>Peripheral </b>(pistillate) florets (15–) 25–250+ (more numerous than bisexual);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellowish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="inner floret atypical quantity;inner floret atypical quantity;inner floret quantity"><b>Inner </b>(bisexual) florets (1–) 5–20 (–40+);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellowish (red-tipped in P. luteoalbum).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;face architecture or pubescence or relief;face relief or texture;face pubescence;ridge quantity;ridge dehiscence or orientation"><b>Cypselae </b>oblong-compressed or cylindric, faces usually smooth, sometimes papillate-roughened and/or with 4–6 longitudinal ridges, usually glabrous (papilliform hairs in P. luteoalbum);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle fusion;bristle architecture;series quantity">pappi readily falling, of 10–12 distinct (coherent basally in Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum and P. stramineum), barbellate bristles in 1 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus life cycle;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly South America to North America;mostly in temperate regions
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (21 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Fifteen of the species treated here occur also in Mexico; those that do not are Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium, P. saxicola, P. micradenium, and P. helleri (eastern United States and adjacent Canada), and P. ramosissimum and P. thermale (western United States and adjacent Canada).</p><!--
--><p>Basal and proximal leaves of Pseudognaphalium species often wither before plants reach flowering. In the key and descriptions here, references to leaves are to cauline leaves of plants at flowering unless otherwise indicated.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom2004a
|text=Nesom, G. L. 2004d. Pseudognaphalium canescens (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and putative relatives in western North America. Sida 21: 781–790.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf faces strongly to weakly bicolor (abaxial gray to white, tomentose, adaxial green, not tomentose, sometimes glandular)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf faces concolor or weakly bicolor (both usually gray to gray-green or greenish, tomentose, adaxial sometimes glandular beneath tomentum)
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Bases of leaf blades not clasping, not decurrent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Bases of leaf blades clasping and/or decurrent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems white (tomentose, rarely glandular near bases); pistillate florets 38–96; bisexual florets 4–8(–11)
|[[Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium|Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems greenish (lacking or soon losing most tomentum, usually densely stipitate-glandular); pistillate florets 47–107; bisexual florets 7–20
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems glandular-villous (stipitate glands mostly 0.3–1 mm, variable in height on any portion of stem, stalks broadened toward bases, about equaling gland widths); leaf blades mostly oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 4–20 mm; pistillate florets 83–107; bisexual florets 9–15
|[[Pseudognaphalium helleri|Pseudognaphalium helleri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems glandular-puberulent (stipitate glands 0.1–0.2 mm, stalks narrower than gland widths); leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–5.5 cm × 1.5–10 mm; pistillate florets 47–78; bisexual florets (7–)11–20
|[[Pseudognaphalium micradenium|Pseudognaphalium micradenium]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves crowded (internodes usually 1–3, sometimes to 10 mm), blades linear to linear-lanceolate, margins strongly revolute
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves not crowded (internodes mostly more than 5 mm), blades elliptic, elliptic-ovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, margins flat or slightly revolute
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Phyllaries bright white, opaque, dull; cypselar faces smooth
|[[Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum|Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Phyllaries tawny to silvery white, ± hyaline, shiny; cypselar faces papillate-roughened
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems stipitate-glandular; leaf bases not subclasping (proximal usually decurrent 3–10 mm); phyllaries ovate-lanceolate (apices of inner not thickened along midribs, not apiculate); pistillate florets ca. 200–250; bisexual florets (13–)16–29
|[[Pseudognaphalium viscosum|Pseudognaphalium viscosum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems not glandular; leaf bases subclasping (not decurrent); phyllaries narrowly ovate to oblong or elliptic (apices of inner thickened and slightly raised along midribs, apiculate); pistillate florets [46–]76–102; bisexual florets (6–)8–11
|[[Pseudognaphalium austrotexanum|Pseudognaphalium austrotexanum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems not glandular; leaf bases auriculate-clasping, faces strongly bicolor
|[[Pseudognaphalium biolettii|Pseudognaphalium biolettii]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems glandular; leaf bases weakly, if at all, clasping, faces strongly to weakly bicolor
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Involucres 4.5–5.5 mm; phyllaries in 4–5 series; bisexual florets 7–12
|[[Pseudognaphalium macounii|Pseudognaphalium macounii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Involucres 3.5–4 mm; phyllaries in 2–3 series; bisexual florets (1–)2–6
|[[Pseudognaphalium pringlei|Pseudognaphalium pringlei]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf bases clasping to subclasping, seldom decurrent (decurrent 1–2 mm in P. luteoalbum and P. stramineum, 2–10 mm in P. californicum)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf bases not clasping or subclasping, decurrent or not
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Heads in terminal glomerules; involucres 3–6 mm; phyllaries silver-gray to yellowish (hyaline); pistillate florets 135–160 (pappus bristles loosely coherent basally, released in clusters or easily fragmented rings)
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Heads in corymbiform arrays; involucres 4–7 mm; phyllaries usually silvery white to white, sometimes pink (mostly opaque); pistillate florets 35–140 (pappus bristles not coherent basally, released singly)
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Involucres 3–4 mm; bisexual florets 5–10 (corollas red-tipped; cypselae with papilliform hairs)
|[[Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum|Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Involucres 4–6 mm; bisexual florets mostly 18–28 (corollas evenly yellowish, not red-tipped; cypselae glabrous)
|[[Pseudognaphalium stramineum|Pseudognaphalium stramineum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems stipitate-glandular; abaxial faces of leaf blades green, stipitate- glandular; phyllaries in 7–10 series
|[[Pseudognaphalium californicum|Pseudognaphalium californicum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems not glandular; abaxial faces of leaf blades white-tomentose or woolly- tomentose; phyllaries in 5–6 series
|[[Pseudognaphalium roseum|Pseudognaphalium roseum]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf bases not decurrent
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf bases decurrent
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Annuals 4–15(–30) cm; faces of leaf blades concolor, green, thinly arachnoid-tomentose to glabrate, not glandular (veiny reticulum evident); heads in terminal capitate clusters; cypselae smooth
|[[Pseudognaphalium saxicola|Pseudognaphalium saxicola]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–100+ cm; faces of leaf blades concolor or weakly bicolor, white to gray, ± tomentose, sometimes glandular beneath tomentum; heads in corymbiform arrays; cypselae smooth or papillate-roughened
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Adaxial faces of leaf blades sometimes sessile-glandular beneath adaxial tomentum; involucres 4–5 mm; phyllaries in 3–4 series; bisexual florets (1–)2–5(-6)
|[[Pseudognaphalium canescens|Pseudognaphalium canescens]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Adaxial faces of leaf blades not glandular; involucres 5–6 mm; phyllaries in 4–6 series; bisexual florets 5–9
|[[Pseudognaphalium microcephalum|Pseudognaphalium microcephalum]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Stems and leaves stipitate-glandular; heads in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; phyllaries usually white or pinkish, sometimes greenish
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Stems and leaves not glandular; heads usually in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays (sometimes borne singly or in glomerules in P. arizonicum); phyllaries usually white, whitish, or brownish to tawny, rarely rosy
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades mostly narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 5–10(–20) mm wide; heads in corymbiform arrays; involucres campanulo-globose; phyllaries in 7–10 series, white
|[[Pseudognaphalium californicum|Pseudognaphalium californicum]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly spatulate, 3–5(–7) mm wide; heads in paniculiform (usually elongate to broadly columnar) arrays; involucres turbinate to short-cylindric; phyllaries in 4–5 series, usually pinkish, sometimes white to greenish
|[[Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum|Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Phyllaries usually brownish to tawny, rarely rosy, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate (hairs of stems and leaves commonly with reddish or purplish cross walls).
|[[Pseudognaphalium arizonicum|Pseudognaphalium arizonicum]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Phyllaries white or whitish, ovate to ovate-oblong (hairs of stems and leaves without colored cross walls)
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Pistillate florets 80–115[–180]; bisexual florets (6–)8–12[–30] (bases of hairs on leaves persistent, enlarged)
|[[Pseudognaphalium jaliscense|Pseudognaphalium jaliscense]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Pistillate florets 35–69; bisexual florets 3–8(–11) (bases of hairs on leaves not persistent and enlarged)
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades of basal and proximal cauline leaves linear (proximal and distal similar in size and shape); heads usually in paniculiform arrays; phyllaries in (4–)5–6(–7) series (usually opaque, dull to shiny)
|[[Pseudognaphalium beneolens|Pseudognaphalium beneolens]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades of basal and proximal cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate (the distal shorter and narrower); heads in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; phyllaries in 3–4(–5) series, hyaline or opaque, usually shiny, sometimes dull
|[[Pseudognaphalium thermale|Pseudognaphalium thermale]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pseudognaphalium
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Kirpicznikov
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly South America to North America;mostly in temperate regions
|reference=nesom2004a
|publication title=Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser.
|publication year=1950
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_679.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae
|genus=Pseudognaphalium
|abaxial face coloration=white;gray
|abaxial face pubescence=tomentose;velutinous
|adaxial face coloration=grayish;greenish
|adaxial face pubescence=arachnose;glabrescent;glabrous
|array architecture=paniculiform;corymbiform
|base architecture or fixation=clasping
|base shape=decurrent
|blade shape=mostly narrowly lanceolate;oblanceolate
|bristle architecture=barbellate
|bristle fusion=distinct
|bristle quantity=10;12
|corolla coloration=yellowish;yellowish
|cypsela shape=cylindric;oblong-compressed
|face architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|face coloration=concolor;bicolor
|face pubescence=glabrous
|face relief or texture=papillate-roughened
|head architecture or shape=disciform
|inner floret atypical quantity=20;40
|inner floret quantity=5;20
|involucre atypical some measurement=3mm;4mm
|involucre shape=mostly campanulate;cylindric
|involucre some measurement=4mm;7mm
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline;cauline;basal
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|pappus life cycle=falling
|peripheral floret atypical quantity=15;25
|peripheral floret quantity=25;250
|phyllary coloration=brownish;tawny;brownish;tawny;rosy;whitish
|phyllary pubescence or texture=chartaceous
|phyllary size=unequal
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|ridge dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|ridge quantity=4;6
|series atypical quantity=7;10
|series quantity=1;3;7
|stem growth form=decumbent;procumbent
|stem orientation=erect
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=150cm;200cm
|whole-organism duration=perennial;biennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=15cm;150cm
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae]]