View source for Pyrola

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pyrola
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 396. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 188. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Wintergreen;Latin pyrus;pear;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae;Pyrola
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pyrola]]</div></div>
|etymology=olus, diminutive, alluding to resemblance of leaves
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 371, 373, 374, 377, 379, 383
|treatment_page=page 378
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism nutrition;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> chlorophyllous, autotrophic (achlorophyllous and heterotrophic in forms of P. chlorantha and P. picta).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf size;leaf presence;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>essentially basal or, sometimes, highly reduced or absent (P. chlorantha, P. picta), alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade coloration;blade coloration;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade texture;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;surface pubescence">blade maculate or not, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblongelliptic, oblanceolate, oblong-obovate, ovate, obovate, spatulate, subreniform, reniform, or round, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, margins entire, denticulate, crenulate, crenate, or crenate-serrulate, plane or revolute, surfaces glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescences raceme orientation"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes, usually erect in flower and fruit, (symmetric);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="peduncular bract presence;peduncular bract presence">peduncular bracts present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence bract fusion">inflorescence bracts free from pedicels.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel orientation"><b>Pedicels </b>pendent in fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture or shape;flower orientation;flower orientation"><b>Flowers </b>radially symmetric (bilaterally symmetric in P. minor), spreading or nodding;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe shape">sepals 5, connate proximally, often obscurely so, calyx lobes lanceolate, ovate, triangular, deltate, oblong, or obovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;corolla shape">petals 5, distinct, white, greenish white, yellowish white, pink, or purplish red, without basal tubercles, corolla crateriform to broadly campanulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nectary disc presence">intrastaminal nectary disc absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 10, exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="filament width;filament shape;filament size;filament pubescence">filaments broad proximally, gradually narrowed medially, slender distally, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="anther shape;anther dehiscence;pore quantity;pore shape">anthers oblong, without awns, with or without tubules, dehiscent by 2 round to elliptic or obovate pores;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 5-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">ovary imperfectly 5-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">placentation intruded-parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="style shape;style orientation;style course;style size">style (exserted or included), bent downward or straight (P. minor), expanded distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma 5-lobed, without subtending ring of hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit orientation;fruit dehiscence;tissue pubescence;tissue prominence;valve architecture or dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, pendulous, dehiscence loculicidal, cobwebby tissue exposed by splitting valves at dehiscence.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>ca. 1000, fusiform, winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 23.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);Europe;Asia (including Sumatra)
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The apparent absence of strong genetic discontinuities within many species complexes, as well as morphologic and cytologic uniformity, have challenged attempts to delimit species in Pyrola. Chromosome counts for all species are diploid (2n = 46) except for the boreal European species P. media, which is a tetraploid (2n = 92), and some triploid counts (2n = 69) for P. grandiflora. Natural hybrids have been reported widely. Some species complexes have been examined in detail; a modern, comprehensive monograph of the genus is needed. Of particular interest in the flora area are relationships among members of sect. Pyrola, which includes, among other species, North American P. americana, amphi-Pacific P. asarifolia, arctic and circumpolar P. grandiflora, and Eurasian P. rotundifolia Linnaeus. J. V. Freudenstein (1999b) found limited cladistic structure in Pyrola. Morphologic and molecular data support a clade comprising P. chlorantha and P. picta (including P. aphylla). Molecular data suggest that this clade is sister to one comprising P. elliptica and P. minor.</p><!--
--><p>Pyrola americana, P. asarifolia, P. chlorantha, P. elliptica, and P. picta have a variety of drug, food, and ceremonial uses among a dozen tribes of Native Americans (D. E. Moerman 1998).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles (0.5-)0.8-1.5(-1.8) mm, included, straight; anthers 0.8-1.4 mm, tubules absent; flowers radially symmetric.
|[[Pyrola minor|Pyrola minor]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles 4-10 mm, exserted, bent downward; anthers (1.6-)2.2-5.5 mm, tubules present; flowers bilaterally symmetric
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence bracts as long as or longer than subtended pedicels (sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels in P. asarifolia subsp. asarifolia); calyx lobes longer than wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence bracts usually shorter than subtended pedicels, rarely longer than subtended pedicels; calyx lobes ± as long as wide
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filament bases 0.2-0.3 mm wide; anther apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy yellow to golden yellow, tubules yellow to yellowish brown.
|[[Pyrola grandiflora|Pyrola grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Filament bases 0.5-1.1 mm wide; anther apiculations 0.1-0.5(-0.7) mm, thecae creamy white, greenish white, tan, pink, reddish, dark purple, or yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, orange, pink, reddish, or dark purple
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx lobes ovate, ovate-oblong, or obovate, apices obtuse to acute; petals white, often suffused with pink.
|[[Pyrola americana|Pyrola americana]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Calyx lobes triangular, apices acute to acuminate; petals white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout
|[[Pyrola asarifolia|Pyrola asarifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Anther tubules abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, 0.7-1.1 mm; calyx lobe apices acute to obtuse.
|[[Pyrola chlorantha|Pyrola chlorantha]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Anther tubules gradually narrowed (at least when viewed laterally) from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths or connivent distally, 0.3-0.8 mm; calyx lobe apices acute to acuminate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades not maculate or, rarely, maculate, broadly elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, margins crenulate or obscurely denticulate; petals white to greenish white; apices of calyx lobes acute to short-acuminate.
|[[Pyrola elliptica|Pyrola elliptica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades usually maculate, sometimes not maculate, ovate or ovate-elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, margins entire or denticulate to coarsely denticulate, or plants leafless; petals greenish white, white, pink, or reddish; apices of calyx lobes acute.
|[[Pyrola picta|Pyrola picta]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pyrola
|author=Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ericaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);Europe;Asia (including Sumatra)
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_715.xml
|subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae
|genus=Pyrola
|anther dehiscence=dehiscent
|anther shape=oblong
|blade coloration=not;maculate
|blade shape=round;reniform;round;reniform;subreniform;spatulate;obovate;ovate;oblong-obovate;oblanceolate;oblongelliptic;ovate-elliptic;elliptic
|blade texture=subcoriaceous;coriaceous
|bracteole presence=absent
|calyx lobe shape=obovate;oblong;obovate;oblong;deltate;triangular;ovate;lanceolate
|corolla shape=crateriform;broadly campanulate
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|filament shape=narrowed
|filament size=slender
|filament width=broad
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower orientation=nodding;spreading
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit orientation=pendulous
|inflorescence bract fusion=free
|inflorescences raceme orientation=erect
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=basal
|leaf presence=absent
|leaf size=reduced
|margin shape=revolute;plane;crenate-serrulate;crenate;revolute;plane;crenate-serrulate;crenate;revolute;plane;crenate-serrulate;crenate;crenulate;denticulate;entire
|nectary disc presence=absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=5-locular
|ovary placentation=intruded-parietal
|pedicel orientation=pendent
|peduncular bract presence=absent;absent
|petal coloration=purplish red;pink;purplish red;pink;yellowish white;greenish white;white
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent
|pistil architecture=5-carpellate
|pore quantity=2
|pore shape=round;elliptic or obovate
|seed architecture=winged
|seed quantity=1000
|seed shape=fusiform
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen position=exserted
|stamen quantity=10
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stigma shape=5-lobed
|style course=straight
|style orientation=downward
|style shape=bent
|style size=expanded
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|tissue prominence=exposed
|tissue pubescence=cobwebby
|valve architecture or dehiscence=splitting
|whole_organism architecture=chlorophyllous
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism nutrition=autotrophic
|x chromosome quantity=23
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae]]