View source for Raphanus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Raphanus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 669. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 300. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Radish
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Quidproquo
|authority=Greuter & Burdet
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Raphanus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Raphanus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek raphanos, radish
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 225, 226, 233, 244
|treatment_page=page 438
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or biennials;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">(roots slender or fleshy, size, shape, and color variable in cultivated forms);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">not scapose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration">glabrous or pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, unbranched or branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or subsessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="basal leaf arrangement;basal leaf architecture;blade margin shape">basal not rosulate, petiolate, blade margins lyrately lobed or pinnatifid to pinnatisect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture;margin shape;margin shape">cauline shortly petiolate or subsessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins dentate or lobed, (smaller and fewer-lobed than basal).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties=""><b>Racemes </b>(corymbose, several-flowered), usually greatly elongated in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="raceme length;raceme arrangement;raceme orientation;raceme orientation;raceme orientation;raceme orientation"><b>Fruiting </b>pedicels divaricate, ascending, or spreading [reflexed].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal shape;sepal position;sepal architecture or shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals erect, narrowly oblong [linear], lateral pair slightly saccate basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;claw variability">petals white, creamy white, yellow, pink, or purple [lilac] (usually with darker veins), broadly obovate [suborbicular], claw differentiated from blade, (± longer than sepals, apex obtuse or emarginate [rounded]);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen architecture">stamens strongly tetradynamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="filament shape">filaments not dilated basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther shape;anther shape">anthers oblong or oblong-linear, (apex obtuse);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="nectar gland atypical quantity;nectar gland position;nectar gland presence">nectar glands (4), median pair present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit architecture;silique dehiscence;silique architecture;silicle dehiscence;silicle architecture"><b>Fruits </b>siliques or silicles, indehiscent, sessile, segments 2, (lomentaceous, often breaking into 1-seeded units), cylindrical, fusiform, lanceolate, or ovoid, [linear, oblong, ellipsoid], smooth or torulose to strongly moniliform, (constricted or not between seeds), terete or polygonal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="segment quantity;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment architecture or pubescence or relief;segment architecture or pubescence or relief;segment shape">(valvular segment seedless, rudimentary, or aborted, nearly as wide as pedicel; terminal segment several-seeded, corky);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="valve pubescence;valve pubescence;valve pubescence;valve pubescence;valve pubescence">valves glabrous, antrorsely scabrous, or hispid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="replum variability;septum variability">replum and septum not differentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="">ovules 2–22 per ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="ovule quantity">(style slender);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate, slightly 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="seed architecture or arrangement;seed size;seed architecture;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>uniseriate, plump, not winged, oblong, ovoid, or globose [subglobose];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="seed-coat coating">seed-coat (nearly smooth to reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="">cotyledons conduplicate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="cotyledon arrangement or vernation;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;also nearly worldwide
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Natural hybridization between Raphanus raphanistrum and R. sativus has been known since 1788, and the hybrid has been named R. ×micranthus (Uechtritz) O. E. Schulz. The transfer of some of the weedy characters from R. raphanistrum to R. sativus through natural hybridization may have played a major role in converting the latter from a crop plant into a successful weed near the coastal areas of central California (C. A. Panetsos and H. G. Baker 1968). Raphanus confusus (Greuter & Burdet) Al-Shehbaz & Warwick is known from Asia (Israel, Lebanon).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals pale or creamy white; fruits (2.5-)3-8(-11) mm wide, strongly constricted between seeds and usually breaking, strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical.
|[[Raphanus raphanistrum|Raphanus raphanistrum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals usually purple or pink, sometimes white; fruits (5-)7-13(-15) mm wide, rarely slightly constricted between seeds and usually not breaking, not ribbed, beak narrowly to broadly conical to linear.
|[[Raphanus sativus|Raphanus sativus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Raphanus
|author=Suzanne I. Warwick
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Quidproquo
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|distribution=Eurasia;also nearly worldwide
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_661.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Raphanus
|anther shape=oblong-linear;oblong
|basal leaf architecture=petiolate
|basal leaf arrangement=not rosulate
|blade margin shape=pinnatifid;pinnatisect
|cauline leaf architecture=subsessile;petiolate
|claw variability=differentiated
|cotyledon arrangement or vernation=conduplicate
|filament shape=dilated
|fruit architecture=sessile
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent
|leaf architecture=subsessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|margin shape=lobed;dentate
|nectar gland atypical quantity=4
|nectar gland position=median
|nectar gland presence=absent
|ovule quantity=2;22
|petal coloration=purple;pink;purple;pink;yellow;creamy white;white
|petal shape=obovate
|raceme arrangement=divaricate
|raceme length=elongated
|raceme orientation=spreading;ascending;spreading;ascending
|replum variability=not differentiated
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed architecture or arrangement=uniseriate
|seed shape=globose;ovoid;globose;ovoid;oblong
|seed size=plump
|seed-coat coating=mucilaginous
|segment architecture or pubescence or relief=torulose to strongly moniliform punct terete or polygonal;smooth
|segment quantity=2
|segment shape=torulose;strongly moniliform punct terete or polygonal
|sepal architecture or shape=saccate
|sepal orientation=erect
|sepal position=lateral
|sepal shape=oblong
|septum variability=not differentiated
|silicle architecture=sessile
|silicle dehiscence=indehiscent
|silique architecture=sessile
|silique dehiscence=indehiscent
|stamen architecture=tetradynamous
|stem architecture=branched;unbranched
|stem orientation=erect
|stigma architecture or shape=capitate
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|valve pubescence=hispid;scabrous;hispid;scabrous;glabrous
|whole-organism architecture=not scapose;not scapose
|whole-organism duration=biennial;annual
|whole-organism pubescence=pubescent;glabrous;pubescent;glabrous
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

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