View source for Reseda

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Reseda
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 448. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 207. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Mignonette;réséda
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Resedaceae;Reseda
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Resedaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Reseda]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin re- , again, and sedo, calm, assuage, alluding to medicinal properties attributed by Pliny the Elder to plants growing close to Rimini (Italy)
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 190, 192
|treatment_page=page 191
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>[subshrubs], annual, biennial, or perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending (ribs longitudinally marked), simple or branched (usually distally).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves:</b> usually rosulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf architecture">usually petiolate (sometimes cauline subsessile);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole height or length or size;petiole architecture">petiole (slender) much shorter than blade, sometimes winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin shape;blade margin shape;blade margin shape;blade margin shape;lobe atypical quantity;lobe quantity">blade margins entire, pinnatisect, or lobed, lobes 1–11 (–15) on each side.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes (sometimes lateral from distal axils).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present (sometimes only 1 mm).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal size"><b>Flowers:</b> (rarely almost actinomorphic) sepals persistent or deciduous, 4–6 [–8], basally connate (alternating with petals [sometimes accrescent]), usually unequal (adaxial larger);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;margin shape;margin architecture or shape">petals 4–6 [–8], distinct or basally connate, margins usually incised, sometimes entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="intrastaminal nectary-disc presence">intrastaminal nectary-discs present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens [7–] 10–40;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament duration;filament duration;filament fusion">filaments persistent or deciduous, basally connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture">ovaries [2–] 3–4 [–5] -carpelled (stigmatic teeth as many as carpels, placenta sometimes forked apically).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;wall texture;wall texture"><b>Capsules </b>erect or pendulous, angled, cylindric, ovoid-oblong, subglobose, or ovoid, walls membranous or chartaceous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>(10–ca. 30) papillose, rugose, or smooth (sometimes with caruncles).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;seed relief;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 5, 6, [7, 8].</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe;sw Asia;n Africa;n Atlantic Islands;also in n;c Mexico;South America;c Asia;s Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 65 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The four species of Reseda in the flora area represent four sections of the genus, which facilitates identification within this taxonomically complex group. Reseda alba and R. lutea are the most polymorphic species within their respective sections. The great morphological variability within these taxa helps to explain the specific and infraspecific taxa that have been described, most of which are of little taxonomic value. This polymorphism has been related to polyploidy.</p><!--
--><p>Reseda is of limited economic importance. Some species, including three treated here, are cultivated as ornamental annuals. Reseda odorata has been cultivated as a fragrance plant since Roman times. Reseda luteola has been used as a dye plant and R. alba as a potherb in some regions of Europe.</p><!--
--><p>Reseda phyteuma Linnaeus, a close relative of R. odorata, is known in the flora area only from nineteenth century collections around ballast from ports in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania (e.g., A. Brown, 1878, NY). It has not been found in the flora area for more than 100 years and was never widely present.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=aguilera1983a
|text=González-Aguilera, J. J. and A. M. Fernández Peralta. 1983. The nature of polyploidy in Reseda sect. Leucoreseda (Resedaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 223–237.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arber1942a
|text=Arber, A. 1942. Studies in flower structure. VII. On the gynaecium of Reseda, with a consideration of paracarpy. Ann. Bot. (Oxford), n. s. 6(21): 43–48.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=avetisian1980a
|text=Avetisian, E. M. and A. K. Mekhakian. 1980. Palynology of the genus Reseda L. Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 23: 472–479.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=gori1957a
|text=Gori, C. 1957. Sull´embriologia e citologia di alcune specie del genere Reseda. Caryologia 10: 391–401.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules 4-carpelled, apically 4-toothed; leaf blades pinnatisect (lobes 4-15 pairs); stamens 10-14.
|[[Reseda alba|Reseda alba]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules 3-carpelled, apically 3-toothed; leaf blades entire, subentire, or ternately to biternately lobed (lobes 1-3 pairs); stamens 12-40
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals 4; leaf blade margins entire or subentire; placentas forked distally; filaments persistent.
|[[Reseda luteola|Reseda luteola]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepals (5-)6; leaf blade margins entire or ternately to biternately lobed; placentas entire; filaments deciduous
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds glossy, smooth; capsules usually erect; sepals not reflexed in fruit; petals yellow, lateral lobes of adaxial petals entire or incised.
|[[Reseda lutea|Reseda lutea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Seeds dull, undulate-rugose; capsules deflexed or pendent; sepals reflexed in fruit; petals white or light yellow, lateral lobes of adaxial petals deeply laciniate.
|[[Reseda odorata|Reseda odorata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Reseda
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Resedaceae
|distribution=Europe;sw Asia;n Africa;n Atlantic Islands;also in n;c Mexico;South America;c Asia;s Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|reference=aguilera1983a;arber1942a;avetisian1980a;gori1957a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_245.xml
|genus=Reseda
|blade margin architecture or shape=entire
|blade margin shape=lobed;pinnatisect;lobed;pinnatisect
|capsule orientation=pendulous;erect
|capsule shape=ovoid;subglobose;ovoid;subglobose;ovoid-oblong;cylindric;angled
|filament duration=deciduous;persistent
|filament fusion=connate
|intrastaminal nectary-disc presence=absent
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate;rosulate
|lobe atypical quantity=11;15
|lobe quantity=1;11
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=incised
|ovary architecture=[2-]3-4[-5]-carpelled
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal atypical quantity=6;8
|petal fusion=connate;distinct
|petal quantity=4;6
|petiole architecture=winged
|petiole height or length or size=much shorter
|seed relief=smooth;rugose;smooth;rugose;papillose
|sepal atypical quantity=6;8
|sepal duration=deciduous;persistent
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=4;6
|sepal size=unequal
|stamen atypical quantity=7;10
|stamen quantity=10;40
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
|wall texture=chartaceous;membranous
|whole_organism duration=perennial;biennial;perennial;biennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=8];[7;6;5
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Resedaceae]]