View source for Rotala ← Rotala You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Rotala |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Mant. Pl. |place=2: 143, 175. 1771 |year=1771 }} |common_names=Toothcup |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Lythraceae;Rotala |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Lythraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rotala]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin rota, wheel, alluding to whorled leaves of R. verticillaris Linnaeus |volume=Volume 10 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb habitat;herb habitat;herb habitat;herb habitat;herb habitat;herb pubescence"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, terrestrial, amphibious, or aquatic, often turning pink or red, 0.4–4 dm, glabrous throughout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, decumbent, or creeping [floating], unbranched or branched, often rooting at nodes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>usually opposite, rarely whorled [subalternate], dimorphic or uniform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf growth form;leaf variability;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">sessile or subsessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin texture;margin texture">blade obovate, orbiculate, oblongelliptic, oblanceolate, subspatulate, or linear [lanceolate, spatulate], base attenuate, obtuse, or rounded, margins membranous or cartilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence development;inflorescence position;inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>indeterminate, terminal or axillary racemes, axillary spikes, or solitary flowers (on main-stem).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>sessile or subsessile, actinomorphic, monostylous [distylous];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="floral-tube position;floral-tube shape">floral-tube perigynous, campanulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="epicalyx segment size or length;epicalyx segment presence">epicalyx segments shorter to longer than sepals or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal quantity">sepals [3 or] 4 [–6], to 1/2 floral-tube length;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal duration;petal duration;petal presence;petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration">petals caducous or persistent, 0 or 4 [–6], rose, pink, or white [purple];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="nectariferous tissue presence">nectariferous tissue variably present at base of inner wall of floral-tube;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;whorl quantity">stamens (1–) 4 [–6], in 1 whorl;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 2–4-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="placenta shape">placenta globose, ultimately nearly free-central;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style size;style size">style slender or stout;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape;stigma architecture or shape">stigma capitate or thick-capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="wall width;wall condition or texture;wall coloration or pubescence or relief;wall quantity;wall architecture;wall dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, walls thin and dry, finely, transversely striate (10×), 2–4-valved, dehiscence septicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement"><b>Seeds </b>30–100+, obovoid-semiovoid, convex-concave, 0.3–0.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="">cotyledons ± complanate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="cotyledon shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;s Asia;Africa |discussion=<p>Species ca. 50 (3 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>The native Rotala ramosior and introduced R. indica and R. rotundifolia are weeds in North American rice fields, irrigation ditches and canals, and other disturbed wet areas. Rotala ramosior is increasingly found elsewhere in the world in rice-growing regions. The genus often grows with one or more species of the superficially similar Ammannia (S. A. Graham et al. 2011). Some species of Rotala are part of the international aquatic plant trade.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescences terminal racemes, simple or compound; leaves dimorphic, aerial blades obovate to orbiculate, submerged blades linear to orbiculate; style stout; stigmas thick-capitate. |[[Rotala rotundifolia|Rotala rotundifolia]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes, axillary spikes, or solitary flowers; leaves monomorphic, blades oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, obovate to oblong, or subspatulate; style slender; stigmas capitate, not excessively thickened. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Margins of leaves white-cartilaginous, blades obovate to oblong or subspatulate; flowers frequently in short axillary spikes or terminal or axillary racemes, sometimes solitary in axils of main stems; epicalyx segments absent. |[[Rotala indica|Rotala indica]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Margins of leaves membranous, blades oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate; flowers solitary in axils of main stems; epicalyx segments present. |[[Rotala ramosior|Rotala ramosior]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Rotala |author=Shirley A. Graham |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Lythraceae |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;s Asia;Africa |reference=None |publication title=Mant. Pl. |publication year=1771 |special status= |source xml= |genus=Rotala |base shape=rounded;obtuse;rounded;obtuse;attenuate |blade shape=linear;subspatulate;linear;subspatulate;oblanceolate;oblongelliptic;orbiculate;obovate |cotyledon shape=complanate |epicalyx segment presence=absent |epicalyx segment size or length=shorter to longer |floral-tube position=perigynous |floral-tube shape=campanulate |flower architecture=actinomorphic;subsessile;sessile |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |herb duration=perennial;annual |herb habitat=aquatic;amphibious;aquatic;amphibious;terrestrial |herb pubescence=glabrous |inflorescence development=indeterminate |inflorescence position=axillary;terminal |leaf architecture=subsessile;sessile |leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite |leaf growth form=dimorphic |leaf variability=uniform |margin texture=cartilaginous;membranous |nectariferous tissue presence=absent |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=2-4-locular |petal atypical quantity=4;6 |petal coloration=white;pink;white;pink;rose |petal duration=persistent;caducous |petal presence=absent |petal quantity=4 |placenta shape=globose |seed quantity=30;100 |seed shape=convex-concave;obovoid-semiovoid |seed some measurement=0.3mm;0.5mm |sepal atypical quantity=4;6 |sepal quantity=0;1/2 |stamen atypical quantity=4;6 |stamen quantity=4 |stem architecture=rooting;branched;unbranched |stem growth form or orientation=creeping;decumbent;creeping;decumbent |stem orientation=erect |stigma architecture or shape=thick-capitate;capitate |style size=stout;slender |wall architecture=2-4-valved |wall coloration or pubescence or relief=striate |wall condition or texture=dry |wall dehiscence=septicidal |wall quantity=[10 |wall width=thin |whorl quantity=1 |x chromosome quantity=8 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Lythraceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Lythraceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Rotala.