View source for Roystonea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Roystonea
|accepted_authority=O. F. Cook
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Science
|place=ser. 2, 12:479. 1900
|year=1900
}}
|common_names=Royal palm palm;palmier royal
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Arecaceae;Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae;Arecaceae tribe Areceae;Arecaceae (tribe Areceae) subtribe Roystoneinae;Roystonea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Arecaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Arecaceae tribe Areceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Arecaceae (tribe Areceae) subtribe Roystoneinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Roystonea]]</div></div>
|etymology=for Roy Stone, 1836–1905
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=page 117
|treatment_page=page 116
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem architecture or arrangement or growth form;stem orientation;stem diam;stem architecture or pubescence or relief;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>solitary, erect, greater than 20 cm in diam., smooth, unarmed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf-base architecture;crownshaft prominence;crownshaft coloration;crownshaft architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Leaves:</b> leaf-bases unarmed, forming crownshaft, crownshaft prominent, green, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole architecture">petiole unarmed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade architecture or shape">blade pinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="">plication reduplicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="segment shape">segments linear-lanceolate, in more than 1 plane.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary below crown of leaves, paniculate, with 2 or 3 orders of branching;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="prophyll shape">prophyll tubular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncular bract texture;peduncular bract architecture or dehiscence">peduncular bract greatly exceeding prophyll, leathery, splitting longitudinally on abaxial side and circumscissilly at base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="rachilla pubescence;trichome quantity;trichome duration;trichome architecture">rachillae covered with copious caducous dendritic trichomes, becoming glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, sessile, in triads of 1 pistillate flower flanked by 2 staminate flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal arrangement;sepal texture"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: sepals 3, imbricate, membranaceous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;petal quantity;petal arrangement or dehiscence">petals 3, valvate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity">stamens 6 (–10, rarely);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;anther fixation;anther architecture">anthers dorsifixed, often twisting upon drying;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;pistillode size;pistillode architecture or shape">pistillode minute, obscurely 3-cleft.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;flower shape"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers globose to conic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal arrangement">sepals 3, imbricate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal arrangement or dehiscence">petals 3, basally connate, distally valvate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="staminode quantity;staminode fusion;staminode fusion">staminodes 6, basally connate, adnate to corolla basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="pistil quantity">pistil 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="style prominence">style indistinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas 3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="fruits drupe texture"><b>Fruits </b>drupes, fibrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="stigmatic scar position">stigmatic scar basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="exocarp life cycle;exocarp coloration;exocarp width;exocarp texture">exocarp ripening from green to red to purplish black at maturity, thin, leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="mesocarp texture;mesocarp coating">mesocarp fleshy, oily;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="endocarp texture">endocarp hard.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed fixation"><b>Seeds </b>1, nearly globose [obovoid], dorsiventrally compressed, abaxially attached to endocarp;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="endosperm variability">endosperm homogeneous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="embryo position">embryo basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s32" data-properties="">eophyll undivided, linear-lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s33" data-properties="eophyll architecture or shape;eophyll shape;n chromosome quantity">x n = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Fla.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Most species of Roystonea are widely known as royal palms. They are cultivated worldwide and are especially favored as avenue trees. Long rows of gray-white columnar trunks are unmatched for their magnificence and stateliness. In some parts of the Caribbean, especially Cuba, Roystonea is a significant resource for thatch (leafbases only), timber, livestock feed, palmito (palm cabbage or heart-of-palm), and edible oil (F. A. Reynoso 1976; C. Ruebens 1968; T. A. Zanoni 1991; S. Zona 1991, 1996).</p><!--
--><p>Species 11 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=cook1936a
|text=Cook, O. F. 1936. Royal palms in upper Florida. Science, ser. 2, 84: 60--61.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=reynoso1976a
|text=Reynoso, F. A. 1976. Importancia económica de la palma real dominicana (Roystonea hispaniolana). Agroconocimiento 1: 8--9.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ruebens1968a
|text=Ruebens, C. 1968. Industrialización del palmiche en Cuba. Industr. Alimenticia 1: 8--25.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=small1937a
|text=Small, J. K. 1937. Facts and fancies about our royal palm. J. New York Bot. Gard. 38: 49--58.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=zanoni1991a
|text=Zanoni, T. A. 1991. The royal palm on the island of Hispaniola. Principes 35: 49--54.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=zona1991a
|text=Zona, S. 1991. Notes on Roystonea in Cuba. Principes 35: 225--233.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=zona1996a
|text=Zona, S. 1996. Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae). In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 75+ nos. New York. No. 71, pp.1--36.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Roystonea
|authority=O. F. Cook
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Arecaceae
|distribution=Fla.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|reference=cook1936a;reynoso1976a;ruebens1968a;small1937a;zanoni1991a;zona1991a;zona1996a
|publication title=Science
|publication year=1900
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_298.xml
|subfamily=Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae
|tribe=Arecaceae tribe Areceae
|subtribe=Arecaceae (tribe Areceae) subtribe Roystoneinae
|genus=Roystonea
|anther architecture=twisting
|anther fixation=dorsifixed
|blade architecture or shape=pinnate
|crownshaft architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|crownshaft coloration=green
|crownshaft prominence=prominent
|embryo position=basal
|endocarp texture=hard
|endosperm variability=homogeneous
|eophyll architecture or shape=undivided
|eophyll shape=linear-lanceolate
|exocarp coloration=green;red
|exocarp life cycle=ripening
|exocarp texture=leathery
|exocarp width=thin
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;sessile
|flower quantity=2;1
|flower reproduction=unisexual
|flower shape=globose;conic
|fruits drupe texture=fibrous
|inflorescence arrangement=paniculate
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf-base architecture=unarmed
|mesocarp coating=oily
|mesocarp texture=fleshy
|n chromosome quantity=18
|ovule quantity=1
|peduncular bract architecture or dehiscence=splitting
|peduncular bract texture=leathery
|petal arrangement or dehiscence=valvate;valvate
|petal fusion=connate
|petal quantity=3;3
|petiole architecture=unarmed
|pistil quantity=1
|pistillode architecture or shape=3-cleft
|pistillode size=minute
|prophyll shape=tubular
|rachilla pubescence=glabrous
|seed fixation=attached
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=compressed;globose
|segment shape=linear-lanceolate
|sepal arrangement=imbricate;imbricate
|sepal quantity=3;3
|sepal texture=membranaceous
|stamen quantity=6
|staminode fusion=adnate;connate
|staminode quantity=6
|stem architecture=unarmed
|stem architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|stem architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|stem orientation=erect
|stigma quantity=3
|stigmatic scar position=basal
|style prominence=indistinct
|trichome architecture=dendritic
|trichome duration=caducous
|trichome quantity=copious
}}<!--

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