View source for Saccharum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Saccharum
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Saccharum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Saccharum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 609
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;crown shape;crown architecture;rhizome height or length or size;rhizome shape;rhizome architecture">cespitose, often with a knotty crown, sometimes rhizomatous, rhizomes usually short but elongate in some species, rarely stoloniferous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>0.8-6 m, erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf odor"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, not aromatic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath pubescence;sheath architecture or pubescence or shape">sheaths usually glabrous, sometimes ciliate at the throats;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules membranous, ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;blade architecture or arrangement;blade architecture or pubescence or relief;blade pubescence">blades flat, lax, smooth, usually glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence size;inflorescence shape;inflorescence quantity;inflorescence orientation;rachis prominence;rame quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, large, often plumose, fully exserted panicles with evident rachises and numerous, ascending to appressed branches terminating in multiple rames, branches alternate, sometimes naked below;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="branch arrangement;branch architecture;spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;median groove coloration or reflectance">rames with numerous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs and a terminal triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, internodes slender, without a translucent median groove;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="internode size;spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture;spikelet life cycle;internode arrangement">disarticulation beneath the pedicellate spikelets and in the rames beneath the sessile spikelets, sessile spikelets falling with the adjacent internode and pedicel.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet architecture;spikelet shape"><b>Spikelet </b>pairs homogamous and homomorphic, or almost so, not embedded in the rame axes, dorsally compressed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="spikelet architecture;callus architecture or shape;hair pubescence"><b>Sessile </b>spikelets: calluses truncate, usually with silky hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spikelet architecture;glume size;glume texture;glume pubescence;glume pubescence;glume shape;vein prominence">glumes subequal, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous or villous, 2-keeled, veins not raised;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="spikelet architecture;lower floret reproduction">lower florets sterile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spikelet architecture;lower lemma coloration;lower lemma texture">lower lemmas hyaline or membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="spikelet architecture;lower palea presence;lower palea prominence;lower palea architecture or shape">lower paleas absent or vestigial, entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="spikelet architecture;upper floret reproduction">upper florets bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="spikelet architecture;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape;upper lemma shape">upper lemmas entire or bidentate, muticous or awned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="spikelet architecture;lodicule quantity;lodicule architecture or shape">lodicules 2, truncate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="spikelet architecture;anther quantity;anther quantity">anthers 2 or 3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="pedicel fixation or orientation;pedicel fusion"><b>Pedicels </b>neither appressed nor fused to the rame axes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="spikelet height or length or size;spikelet variability;spikelet architecture;spikelet height or length or size;spikelet variability;spikelet architecture"><b>Pedicellate </b>spikelets well developed, from slightly shorter than to equaling the sessile spikelets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet development;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=N.C.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Virgin Islands;N.Y.;Colo.;Ala.;Ga.;Okla.;Calif.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Mo.;Ohio;Utah;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|discussion=<p>Saccharum is a genus of 35-40 species that grow throughout the tropics and subtropics. Nine species can be found in the Flora region; five are native, two are grown as ornamentals, one is grown for agriculture, and one for research. Some species of Saccharum hybridize naturally with other, presumably closely related, genera such as Miscanthus, Imperata, and Sorghum. Species with awned lemmas are sometimes placed in a separate genus, Erianthus. The most familiar species of Saccharum is S. officinarum, sugar cane.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=webster1995a
|text=Webster, R.D. and R.B. Shaw. 1995. Taxonomy of the North American species of Saccharum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Sida 16:551-580.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets unawned, or with awns less than 5 mm long; anthers 3.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets with visible awns, the awns 2-5 mm long
|[[Saccharum ravennae|Saccharum ravennae]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets unawned, or the awns concealed by the glumes.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lower glumes of sessile spikelets pubescent
|[[Saccharum bengalense|Saccharum bengalense]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lower glumes of sessile spikelets mostly glabrous, sometimes ciliate distally.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Culms clumped, 2-5 cm thick; rhizomes short; blades 20-60 mm wide
|[[Saccharum officinarum|Saccharum officinarum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Culms solitary or few together, 0.6-2 cm thick; rhizomes elongate; blades 10-25 mm wide
|[[Saccharum spontaneum|Saccharum spontaneum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets awned, the awns 10-26 mm long; anthers 2. 5. Awns spirally coiled at the base.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Callus hairs 3-7 mm long, equal to or shorter than the spikelets, white to brown; rachises glabrous or sparsely pilose
|[[Saccharum brevibarbe|Saccharum brevibarbe]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Callus hairs 9-14 mm long, exceeding the spikelets, silvery or tinged with purple; rachises densely pubescent
|[[Saccharum alopecuroides|Saccharum alopecuroides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Awns straight to curved at the base.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Callus hairs longer than the spikelets; lowest panicle nodes densely pilose
|[[Saccharum giganteum|Saccharum giganteum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Callus hairs absent or no more than equaling the spikelets; lowest panicle nodes glabrous or sparsely pilose.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Calluses glabrous or with hairs to 2 mm long and exceeded by the spikelets; panicles 1-2.5 cm wide
|[[Saccharum baldwinii|Saccharum baldwinii]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Callus hairs 3-7 mm long, often equaling the spikelets; panicles 3-10 cm wide.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Awns flat basally; lower lemmas of sessile spikelets not or indistinctly veined; upper lemmas 0.9-1 times as long as the lower lemmas
|[[Saccharum brevibarbe|Saccharum brevibarbe]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Awns terete basally; lower lemmas of the sessile spikelets typically 3-veined; upper lemmas 0.7-0.8 times as long as the lower lemmas
|[[Saccharum coarctatum|Saccharum coarctatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Saccharum
|author=Robert D. Webster;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=N.C.;Va.;Del.;D.C;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Virgin Islands;N.Y.;Colo.;Ala.;Ga.;Okla.;Calif.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Mo.;Ohio;Utah;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|reference=webster1995a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25_1500.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Saccharum
|anther quantity=3;2
|blade architecture or arrangement=lax
|blade architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|blade prominence or shape=flat
|blade pubescence=glabrous
|branch architecture=naked
|branch arrangement=alternate
|callus architecture or shape=truncate
|crown architecture=rhizomatous
|crown shape=knotty
|culm orientation=erect
|culm some measurement=0.8m;6m
|glume pubescence=villous;glabrous
|glume shape=2-keeled
|glume size=subequal
|glume texture=chartaceous;coriaceous
|hair pubescence=silky
|inflorescence orientation=ascending;appressed
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|inflorescence quantity=numerous
|inflorescence shape=plumose
|inflorescence size=large
|internode arrangement=adjacent
|internode size=slender
|leaf odor=not aromatic
|leaf position=cauline
|ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|ligule texture=membranous
|lodicule architecture or shape=truncate
|lodicule quantity=2
|lower floret reproduction=sterile
|lower lemma coloration=hyaline
|lower lemma texture=membranous
|lower palea architecture or shape=entire
|lower palea presence=absent
|lower palea prominence=vestigial
|median groove coloration or reflectance=translucent
|pedicel fixation or orientation=appressed
|pedicel fusion=fused
|rachis prominence=evident
|rame quantity=multiple
|rhizome architecture=stoloniferous
|rhizome height or length or size=short
|rhizome shape=elongate
|sheath architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|sheath pubescence=glabrous
|spikelet architecture=pedicellate;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;sessile;homomorphic;sessile;sessile;pedicellate;sessile;sessile-pedicellate
|spikelet development=developed
|spikelet height or length or size=shorter;shorter
|spikelet life cycle=falling
|spikelet quantity=2;1;numerous
|spikelet reproduction=homogamous
|spikelet shape=compressed
|spikelet variability=equaling;equaling
|upper floret reproduction=bisexual
|upper lemma shape=awned;muticous;bidentate;entire;awned;muticous;bidentate;entire
|vein prominence=not raised
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose
|x chromosome quantity=10
}}<!--

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