View source for Sagittaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sagittaria
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 993. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 429, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Sagittaire
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lophotocarpus
|authority=T. Durand
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Alismataceae;Sagittaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Alismataceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sagittaria]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin sagitta, arrow
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism location;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism location;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>perennial, rarely annual, submersed, floating-leaved, or emersed, glabrous to sparsely pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome presence">rhizomes often present, occasionally terminated by tubers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stolon presence">stolons often present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="corm presence">corms absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="tuber coloration;tuber architecture or pubescence or relief">tubers white to brown, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="root architecture"><b>Roots </b>septate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>sessile or petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petiole shape">petiole terete to triangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;marking coloration or reflectance;marking presence;base shape;margin architecture or shape;apex shape">blade with translucent markings absent, linear to obovate, base attenuate to hastate or sagittate, margins entire, apex round to acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="panicle orientation;panicle location;panicle location;panicle location;whorl quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes, panicles, rarely umbels, of 1–17 whorls, erect, emersed or floating, rarely submersed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bract relief;bract fragility;apex shape;apex relief;apex relief">bracts coarse or delicate, apex obtuse to acute, smooth or papillose proximally to distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower reproduction;stamen reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, the proximal rarely with ring of sterile stamens;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower position or shape;flower architecture">staminate flowers pedicellate, distal to pistillate flowers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture">pistillate flowers mostly pedicellate, rarely sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="bract shape;bract height or length or size;apex shape">bracts subtending pedicels, lanceolate, shorter than pedicels, apex obtuse to acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pedicel orientation">pedicels ascending to recurved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="receptacle shape">receptacle convex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal relief;sepal texture;flower architecture;flower architecture">sepals recurved in staminate flowers, recurved to erect in pistillate flowers, often sculptured, herbaceous to leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="petal coloration;petal architecture or shape">petals white, rarely with pink spot or tinge, entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 7–30;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="filament shape;filament pubescence">filaments linear to dilated, glabrous to pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil arrangement;pistil arrangement;pistil fusion;pattern shape">pistils to 1500 or more, spirally arranged, not radiating in starlike pattern, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="style position or structure subtype">styles terminal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;rib dehiscence or orientation;abaxial wing presence;lateral wing presence;lateral wing quantity;lateral wing course"><b>Fruits </b>without longitudinal ribs, compressed, abaxially keeled or not, abaxial wings often present, lateral wing often present, 1, curved, glands present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="gland presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly Western Hemisphere;Europe;Asia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (24 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=beal1982a
|text=Beal, E. O., J. W. Wooten, and R. B. Kaul. 1982. Review of Sagittaria engelmanniana complex (Alismataceae) with environmental correlations. Syst. Bot. 7: 417--432.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=bogin1955a
|text=Bogin, C. 1955. Revision of the genus Sagittaria (Alismataceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 179--233.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rataj1972a
|text=Rataj, K. 1972. Revision of the genus Sagittaria. Part II. (The species of West Indies, Central and South America). Annot. Zool. Bot. 78.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wooten1973a
|text=Wooten, J. W. 1973. Taxonomy of seven species of Sagittaria from eastern North America. Brittonia 24: 64--74.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Fruiting pedicels recurved or rarely spreading; pistillate sepals mostly erect and closely enclosing flower or fruiting head, occasionally spreading to recurved.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Fruiting pedicels spreading to ascending or absent; pistillate sepals mostly spreading to recurved, not enclosing flower.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves, at least some, emersed.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves submersed, floating, rarely emersed, or plants stranded on shore.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Fruiting heads 1.2–2.1 cm diam.; leaf blade hastate to sagittate
|[[Sagittaria montevidensis|Sagittaria montevidensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Fruiting heads 0.7–1.2 cm diam.; leaf blade linear-ovate to lance-elliptic.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Achenes abaxially keeled, mostly more than 2 mm; faces not tuberculate, often with glands; California.
|[[Sagittaria sanfordii|Sagittaria sanfordii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Achenes not abaxially keeled, mostly less than 2 mm, faces tuberculate, without glands; e of Rocky Mountains.
|[[Sagittaria platyphylla|Sagittaria platyphylla]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Achene faces tuberculate; floating leaves with sagittate blades present at least on some plants of population.
|[[Sagittaria guayanensis|Sagittaria guayanensis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Achene faces not tuberculate; floating leaves absent or, if present, with unlobed or hastate blades.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Fruiting pedicels 0.2–1.1 cm; phyllodia lenticular in cross section; tidal muds; mostly brackish waters.
|[[Sagittaria subulata|Sagittaria subulata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Fruiting pedicels 1.5–6.5 cm; phyllodia flattened in cross section; rarely tidal muds; mostly fresh waters.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves with blades and petioles usually present on some plants; some plants often stranded along shore, these usually with expanded leaf blades.
|[[Sagittaria filiformis|Sagittaria filiformis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves all phyllodia; plants almost always submersed, rarely stranded, these without expanded leaf blades.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllodia 50–250 cm; Florida springs.
|[[Sagittaria kurziana|Sagittaria kurziana]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllodia 12–53 cm; streams and lakes, New Mexico.
|[[Sagittaria demersa|Sagittaria demersa]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Filaments pubescent to tomentulose (except S. fasciculata).
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Filaments glabrous.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaves all phyllodia, nearly terete; ne United States.
|[[Sagittaria teres|Sagittaria teres]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaves with blades and petioles or if phyllodia, then flattened to triangular in cross section; mostly widespread.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Pistillate flowers sessile to subsessile.
|[[Sagittaria rigida|Sagittaria rigida]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Pistillate flowers obviously pedicellate.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Filaments cylindric.
|[[Sagittaria lancifolia|Sagittaria lancifolia]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Filaments dilated.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Rhizomes present, coarse; stolons and corms absent.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Rhizomes absent or if present, then not coarse; corms and/or stolons present.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Abaxial wing of fruit ± entire; plants widespread
|[[Sagittaria graminea|Sagittaria graminea]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Abaxial wing of fruit scalloped or toothed; ne Alabama
|[[Sagittaria secundifolia|Sagittaria secundifolia]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Filaments exceeding anthers in length.
|[[Sagittaria cristata|Sagittaria cristata]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Filaments shorter than or equaling anthers in length.
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Blades of emersed leaves 0.5 cm or more wide; w Carolinas.
|[[Sagittaria fasciculata|Sagittaria fasciculata]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Blades of emersed leaves, if present, 0.4(–0.5) cm or less wide; se coastal plain.
|[[Sagittaria isoetiformis|Sagittaria isoetiformis]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Emersed leaf blades linear to ovate.
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Emersed leaf blades cordate, sagittate, or hastate.
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Bracts papillose.
|[[Sagittaria papillosa|Sagittaria papillosa]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Bracts not papillose.
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Emersed plants with erect to ascending petioles; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate.
|[[Sagittaria ambigua|Sagittaria ambigua]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Emersed plants with recurved petioles; leaf blades linear to sagittate.
|[[Sagittaria cuneata|Sagittaria cuneata]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Bracts distinct or connate much less than ¼ total length.
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Bracts connate at least ¼ total length.
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Flowers in 2–4 whorls; achenes with facial glands.
|[[Sagittaria engelmanniana|Sagittaria engelmanniana]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Flowers in 5–12 whorls; achenes without facial glands.
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Petiole winged in cross section; achene beak strongly recurved.
|[[Sagittaria australis|Sagittaria australis]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Petiole ridged in cross section; achene beak ascending apically.
|[[Sagittaria brevirostra|Sagittaria brevirostra]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Achene beak 1–2 mm, horizontal.
|[[Sagittaria latifolia|Sagittaria latifolia]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Achene beak 0.1–0.6 mm, erect or incurved.
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Emersed plants with recurved petioles and linear to sagittate blades; basal lobes equal to or shorter than remainder of blade; submersed leaves phyllodial, floating leaves cordate to sagittate
|[[Sagittaria cuneata|Sagittaria cuneata]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Emersed plants with ascending to erect petioles and sagittate blades; basal lobes longer than remainder of blade; submersed and floating leaves absent.
|[[Sagittaria longiloba|Sagittaria longiloba]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sagittaria
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Lophotocarpus
|basionyms=
|family=Alismataceae
|distribution=Mostly Western Hemisphere;Europe;Asia
|reference=beal1982a;bogin1955a;rataj1972a;wooten1973a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_511.xml
|genus=Sagittaria
|abaxial wing presence=absent
|apex relief=papillose;smooth
|apex shape=obtuse;acute
|base shape=attenuate;hastate or sagittate
|blade shape=linear;obovate
|bract fragility=delicate
|bract height or length or size=shorter
|bract relief=coarse
|bract shape=lanceolate
|corm presence=absent
|filament pubescence=glabrous;pubescent
|filament shape=linear;dilated
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;sessile;pedicellate;pistillate;pistillate;pedicellate;staminate
|flower position or shape=distal
|flower reproduction=unisexual
|fruit shape=not;keeled;compressed
|gland presence=absent
|lateral wing course=curved
|lateral wing presence=absent
|lateral wing quantity=1
|leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|marking coloration or reflectance=translucent
|marking presence=absent
|ovule quantity=1
|panicle location=submersed;floating;emersed
|panicle orientation=erect
|pattern shape=starlike
|pedicel orientation=ascending;recurved
|petal architecture or shape=entire
|petal coloration=white
|petiole shape=terete;triangular
|pistil arrangement=not radiating;arranged
|pistil fusion=distinct
|pistil quantity=0;1500
|receptacle shape=convex
|rhizome presence=absent
|rib dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|root architecture=septate
|sepal orientation=recurved;erect
|sepal relief=sculptured
|sepal texture=herbaceous;leathery
|stamen quantity=7;30
|stamen reproduction=sterile
|stolon presence=absent
|style position or structure subtype=terminal
|tuber architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|tuber coloration=white;brown
|whole_organism architecture=floating-leaved
|whole_organism duration=annual;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism location=emersed;submersed
|whole_organism pubescence=glabrous;sparsely pubescent
|whorl quantity=1;17
|x chromosome quantity=11
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Alismataceae]]