View source for Sanguisorba

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sanguisorba
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 116. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 53. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Burnet;sanguisorbe
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae;Sanguisorba
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sanguisorba]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin sanguis, blood, and sorbeo, to absorb, apparently alluding to traditional European and Asian uses to stop external or internal bleeding, suggested by dark red flowers of some species and medieval doctrine of signatures
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 312, 318, 319, 320
|treatment_page=page 321
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 2–20 dm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>1–10+, ascending to erect, glabrous or glabrescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous, basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;portion fusion;portion shape;portion shape;portion shape;portion shape;portion shape;margin architecture or shape">stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, free portion usually ovate, obovate, or suborbiculate, margins dentate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade some measurement;blade growth form or texture;leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;stipel architecture;leaf fragility;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">blade oblongelliptic, 5–55 cm (basal blades largest, cauline reduced distally), herbaceous, leaflets (3–) 7–21, orbiculate, ovate, or oblong, leafy stipels sometimes present on vigorous leaves, margins flat, crenate or serrate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;spike shape;spike pubescence;spike pubescence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary to distal leaves, 50–500+-flowered, spikes, ellipsoid to cylindric, glabrous or variously pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncle presence">peduncles present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>2–5 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium some measurement;hypanthium architecture or pubescence or relief;hypanthium relief;hypanthium architecture;hypanthium pubescence">hypanthium urceolate, 1–6 mm, smooth, muricate, or winged, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal orientation;sepal architecture;sepal shape">sepals 4, basally connate, spreading, petaloid, elliptic to ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="petal presence">petals 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size;stamen length or size">stamens [2–] 4 [–12], shorter or longer than sepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="carpel quantity;carpel pubescence;style architecture;style architecture or shape">carpels 1 [or 2], glabrous, styles repeatedly branched, brushlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="ovule orientation">ovules pendulous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruits achene quantity;fruits achene shape;fruits achene some measurement;fruits achene pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>achenes, 1, globose, 0.5–2 mm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="hypanthium duration;hypanthium condition or texture;hypanthium texture;hypanthium shape;hypanthium some measurement;hypanthium shape;hypanthium architecture;face architecture or pubescence or relief">hypanthium persistent, enclosing achenes, dry, hardened, top-shaped to ellipsoid, 2–5 mm, 4-angled or winged, faces smooth between angles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="">sepals persistent, spreading to ascending.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal orientation;x chromosome quantity">x = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;n Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 15 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Sanguisorba is here circumscribed more narrowly than it has been traditionally (for example, H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991) (though exactly as it was circumscribed by P. A. Rydberg 1908–1918), based on recent molecular phylogenetic analyses summarized in D. Potter et al. (2007), following and refining initial findings by M. S. Kerr (2004). Poteridium and Poterium are in a clade separate from Sanguisorba and basal in Sanguisorbeae, with Sanguisorba then basal to the remainder of Sanguisorbeae (Potter et al.).</p><!--
--><p>Acropetal flowering refers to flowers opening sequentially from the base toward the apex of the inflorescence. Basipetal flowering refers to flowers opening sequentially from the apex toward the base of the inflorescence.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikes flowering acropetal, 5–25 cm; calyx lobes white to greenish white, rarely cream to pinkish or slightly purple
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikes flowering basipetal, 1.5–7 cm; calyx lobes purple or dark purple
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaflets oblong-ovate to lance-oblong, lengths ca. 2–4 times widths, bases broadly cuneate, truncate, or rounded to slightly cordate; calyx lobe midveins thickened distally; plants 9–20 dm; c, e North America.
|[[Sanguisorba canadensis|Sanguisorba canadensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaflets ovate-oblong to ovate or suborbiculate, lengths ca. 1.2–2 times widths, bases usually deeply cordate, rarely truncate; calyx lobe midveins not thickened distally; plants 2–12 dm; nw North America.
|[[Sanguisorba stipulata|Sanguisorba stipulata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamen lengths 1.5–2.5 times calyx lobes, filaments flattened and dilated in distal 1/2; calyx lobes purple; leaflet lengths 1–2 times widths; spikes cylindric, 1.5–7 cm.
|[[Sanguisorba menziesii|Sanguisorba menziesii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamen lengths ± equal to calyx lobes, filaments filiform throughout; calyx lobes dark purple; leaflet lengths 1.5–2.5 times widths; spikes ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5–3 cm.
|[[Sanguisorba officinalis|Sanguisorba officinalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sanguisorba
|author=Alan S. Weakley
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;n Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_523.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae
|genus=Sanguisorba
|blade growth form or texture=herbaceous
|blade shape=oblongelliptic
|blade some measurement=5cm;55cm
|bract presence=absent
|bracteole presence=absent
|carpel pubescence=glabrous
|carpel quantity=1
|face architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|flower diameter=2mm;5mm
|fruits achene pubescence=glabrous
|fruits achene quantity=1
|fruits achene shape=globose
|fruits achene some measurement=0.5mm;2mm
|hypanthium architecture=winged;winged
|hypanthium architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|hypanthium condition or texture=dry
|hypanthium duration=persistent
|hypanthium pubescence=glabrous
|hypanthium relief=muricate
|hypanthium shape=4-angled;top-shaped;ellipsoid
|hypanthium some measurement=2mm;5mm
|hypanthium texture=hardened
|inflorescence architecture=50-500+-flowered
|leaf duration=deciduous
|leaf fragility=vigorous
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|leaflet atypical quantity=3;7
|leaflet quantity=7;21
|leaflet shape=oblong;ovate;oblong;ovate;orbiculate
|margin architecture or shape=dentate
|margin shape=serrate;crenate;flat
|ovule orientation=pendulous
|pedicel presence=absent
|peduncle presence=absent
|petal presence=absent
|petiole presence=absent
|portion fusion=free
|portion shape=suborbiculate;obovate;suborbiculate;obovate;ovate
|sepal architecture=petaloid
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal orientation=spreading;ascending
|sepal quantity=4
|sepal shape=elliptic;ovate
|spike pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|spike shape=ellipsoid;cylindric
|stamen atypical quantity=4;12
|stamen height or length or size=shorter
|stamen length or size=shorter or longer
|stamen quantity=4
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem pubescence=glabrescent;glabrous
|stem quantity=1;10
|stipel architecture=leafy
|stipule duration=persistent
|stipule fusion=adnate
|style architecture=branched
|style architecture or shape=brushlike
|surface pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism some measurement=2dm;20dm
|x chromosome quantity=14
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae]]