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You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Sanionia |accepted_authority=Loeske |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Hedwigia |place=46: 309. 1907 |year=1907 }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Amblystegiaceae;Sanionia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Amblystegiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sanionia]]</div></div> |etymology=For Carl Gustav Sanio, 1832–1891, German botanist |volume=Volume 28 |mention_page=page 263, 264, 298, 307, 309, 654 |treatment_page=page 306 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>small to large, green or yellowish green.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture or shape;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>pinnate ± in one plane or irregularly branched to almost unbranched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="hyalodermi presence;central strand presence">hyalodermis present, central strand present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="paraphyllium presence">paraphyllia absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="rhizoid insertion;rhizoid architecture or pubescence or relief;rhizoid initial insertion;rhizoid initial architecture or pubescence or relief">rhizoids or rhizoid initials on stem or abaxial costa insertion, rarely forming tomentum, slightly branched, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="distal cell quantity;distal cell coloration">axillary hair distal cells 1–8, hyaline.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="stem-leaf arrangement;stem-leaf shape or vernation;stem-leaf shape;stem-leaf course;stem-leaf shape;stem-leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;stem-leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;stem-leaf width"><b>Stem-</b>leaves crowded, circinate, falcate, or almost straight, lanceolate, plicate or rarely not, 0.3–1.7 mm wide;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="base shape">base not or hardly decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="margin orientation;margin shape;margin orientation;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;limbidium presence">margins sometimes incurved proximally, plane or recurved distally, finely denticulate or entire proximally, very finely to strongly denticulate distally, limbidia absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape">apex acuminate to very long-acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">costa single, ending in acumen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="costa quantity;cell variability;cell height or length or size;cell shape;cell shape;cell coloration;region shape;region shape">alar cells differentiated, short to long-rectangular, inflated, hyaline, region transversely triangular or ± isodiametric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="medial laminal cell arrangement or course or shape">medial laminal cells linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="">marginal cells 1-stratose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="marginal cell architecture;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition autoicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule course"><b>Capsule </b>horizontal, erect, or inclined, cylindric or short-cylindric, curved to straight;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="peristome architecture;peristome development">peristome perfect or specialized;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="teeth margin architecture or shape">exostome teeth margins dentate distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="endostome cilium development;endostome cilium prominence;endostome cilium presence">endostome cilia well developed, rudimentary, or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="spore some measurement"><b>Spores </b>10–21 µm.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica |discussion=<p>Species 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Sanionia is characterized by its well-developed hyalodermis, plicate leaves, hyaline, thin-walled, inflated alar cells forming a transversely triangular or ± isodiametric group, sometimes prorate distal cell ends on the abaxial lamina, and, except in the strongly specialized S. nivalis, very long-acuminate inner perichaetial leaves. Except for S. nivalis, the species generally occur in drier habitats than members of, for example, Drepanocladus, Scorpidium, or Warnstorfia. The other members of the traditional, widely circumscribed genus Drepanocladus in the broad sense that are most closely related to Sanionia are now placed in Drepanocladus and Pseudocalliergon; the latter two genera lack a hyalodermis, have 1–3 rather than 1–8 distal cells of the axillary hairs, and have generally non-plicate rather than plicate leaves. However, because some small phenotypes of Sanionia may also have nearly to entirely non-plicate leaves, the last character should be used with caution. The structures of the alar regions are different, and the exostome margins are more weakly dentate than in S. uncinata, which is the only Sanionia species with an unspecialized peristome. Features separating Sanionia from Hamatocaulis, Loeskypnum, Sarmentypnum, Scorpidium, or Warnstorfia are pointed out in the discussion of 61. Calliergonaceae.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stem leaf apices acuminate to long-acuminate; margins strongly denticulate distally; alar regions ± isodiametric, transition to supra-alar cells gradual, supra-alar cells rectangular or long-rectangular, ± echlorophyllose; endostome strongly perforated all over; perichaetial inner leaves ± suddenly narrowed to apex, margins strongly denticulate to dentate distally. |[[Sanionia nivalis|Sanionia nivalis]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stem leaf apices long- to very long-acuminate; margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally; alar regions transversely triangular, transition to supra-alar cells sudden, supra-alar cells quadrate to rectangular, chlorophyllose; endostome perforated only along midline of processes; perichaetial inner leaves gradually narrowed to apex, margins finely denticulate to denticulate distally |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls slightly or strongly incrassate, porose, regions equal in size to or larger than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of deep, narrow-angled fold; endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 20-30% endostome height. |[[Sanionia orthothecioides|Sanionia orthothecioides]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stem leaf supra-alar cell walls thin or slightly incrassate, eporose, regions equal in size to or smaller than alar region; stem leaf costae in bottom of shallow, wide-angled fold (or not in fold); endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, or strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-45% total endostome height |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, basal membrane 36-45% total endostome height, cilia well developed; capsules horizontal or rarely erect to inclined. |[[Sanionia uncinata|Sanionia uncinata]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Endostome in recently dehisced capsules strongly yellow, basal membrane 25-33% total endostome height, cilia rudimentary; capsules erect or slightly inclined. |[[Sanionia symmetrica|Sanionia symmetrica]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Sanionia |author=Lars Hedenäs |authority=Loeske |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Amblystegiaceae |distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia;Antarctica |reference=None |publication title=Hedwigia |publication year=1907 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_479.xml |genus=Sanionia |apex shape=long-acuminate;acuminate to very |base shape=decurrent |capsule course=curved;straight |capsule orientation=inclined;erect;inclined;erect;horizontal |capsule shape=short-cylindric;cylindric |cell coloration=hyaline |cell height or length or size=short |cell shape=inflated;long-rectangular |cell variability=differentiated |central strand presence=absent |costa quantity=single |distal cell coloration=hyaline |distal cell quantity=1;8 |endostome cilium development=developed |endostome cilium presence=absent |endostome cilium prominence=rudimentary |hyalodermi presence=absent |limbidium presence=absent |margin orientation=recurved;incurved |margin shape=denticulate;entire;denticulate;plane |marginal cell architecture=1-stratose |marginal cell reproduction=autoicous;sexual |medial laminal cell arrangement or course or shape=linear |paraphyllium presence=absent |peristome architecture=perfect |peristome development=specialized |region shape=isodiametric;triangular |rhizoid architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |rhizoid initial architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |rhizoid initial insertion=branched |rhizoid insertion=branched |spore some measurement=10um;21um |stem architecture=unbranched;branched to almost;branched |stem architecture or shape=pinnate |stem-leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=rarely not;plicate |stem-leaf arrangement=crowded |stem-leaf course=straight |stem-leaf shape=lanceolate;falcate |stem-leaf shape or vernation=circinate |stem-leaf width=0.3mm;1.7mm |teeth margin architecture or shape=dentate |whole_organism coloration=yellowish green;green |whole_organism growth form=plant |whole_organism size=small;large }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Amblystegiaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Amblystegiaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Sanionia.