View source for Secale ← Secale You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Secale |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Triticeae;Secale |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Triticeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Secale]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 259 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration"><b>Plants </b>annual, biennial, or short-lived perennials;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form">cespitose when perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm atypical some measurement;culm some measurement"><b>Culms </b>25-120 (300) cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath architecture"><b>Sheaths </b>open;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="auricle presence;auricle some measurement">auricles usually present, 0.5-1 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or shape;ligule shape">ligules membranous, truncate, often lacerate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape">blades flat or involute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence shape;spike arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>laterally compressed, distichous spikes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="middle internode some measurement;spikelet quantity">middle internodes 2-4 mm, with 1 spikelet per node, spikelets strongly ascending;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="spikelet orientation;rachis architecture;strain condition">disarticulation in the rachises, below the spikelets, rachises not or tardily disarticulating in cultivated strains.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="spikelet some measurement;floret quantity;floret atypical quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>10-18 mm, with 2 (3) florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="floret reproduction">florets bisexual.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="glume some measurement;glume height or length or size;glume shape;glume pubescence or relief;lemma arrangement;margin coloration;margin architecture;margin shape;awn some measurement"><b>Glumes </b>8-20 mm, shorter than the adjacent lemmas, linear to subulate, scabrous, margins hyaline, 1-veined, keeled, keels terminating in an awn, awns to 35 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="lemma some measurement;lemma shape;lemma shape;keel pubescence or relief;keel some measurement;apex shape;awn pubescence or relief;awn some measurement">lemmas 8-19 mm, strongly laterally compressed, strongly keeled, keels conspicuously scabrous distally, scabrules 0.6-1.3 mm, apices tapering to a scabrous awn, awns 2-50 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">anthers 3, 2.3-12 mm, yellow, x = 7.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther some measurement;anther some measurement;anther coloration"><b>Haplome </b>R.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alaska;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;S.Dak. |discussion=<p>Secale is a genus of three species. All are native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia; two species have been collected in the Flora region. Secale cereale is cultivated as a crop and used along roadsides to prevent soil erosion, and is established in the Flora region. Secale strictum has been cultivated experimentally; it is not established in the Flora region.</p><!-- --><p>Unlike other cereal grasses such as Triticum, Hordeum, and Avena, species of Secale are outcrossing, although 5. sylvestre Host is reported to be self-compatible. All three species are diploids. Remains of cultivated rye dating to 6000 B.C. have been found in Turkey.</p><!-- --><p>xTriticosecale is an artificially derived hybrid between Triticum and Secale that is now widely cultivated (see p. 261).</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=frederiksen1998a |text=Frederiksen, S. and G. Petersen. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Secale L. (Triticeae, Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 18:399-420. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=hitchcock1951a |text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants annual or biennial; rachises not or tardily disarticulating; lemmas 14-18 mm long |[[Secale cereale|Secale cereale]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants perennial; rachises readily disarticulating; lemmas 8-16 mm long |[[Secale strictum|Secale strictum]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Secale |author=Mary E. Barkworth; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alaska;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;S.Dak. |reference=frederiksen1998a;hitchcock1951a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_371.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Triticeae |genus=Secale |anther coloration=yellow |anther some measurement=3;2.3mm;12mm |apex shape=tapering |auricle presence=absent |auricle some measurement=0.5mm;1mm |awn pubescence or relief=scabrous |awn some measurement=2mm;50mm |blade shape=involute;flat |culm atypical some measurement=300 |culm some measurement=25cm;120cm |floret atypical quantity=3 |floret quantity=2 |floret reproduction=bisexual |glume height or length or size=shorter |glume pubescence or relief=scabrous |glume shape=linear;subulate |glume some measurement=8mm;20mm |inflorescence shape=compressed |keel pubescence or relief=scabrous |keel some measurement=0.6mm;1.3mm |lemma arrangement=adjacent |lemma shape=keeled;compressed |lemma some measurement=8mm;19mm |ligule architecture or shape=truncate |ligule shape=lacerate |ligule texture=membranous |margin architecture=1-veined |margin coloration=hyaline |margin shape=keeled |middle internode some measurement=2mm;4mm |rachis architecture=disarticulating |sheath architecture=open |spike arrangement=distichous |spikelet orientation=ascending |spikelet quantity=1 |spikelet some measurement=10mm;18mm |strain condition=cultivated |whole-organism duration=perennial |whole_organism duration=short-lived;biennial;short-lived;biennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Triticeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Secale.