View source for Sida

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sida
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 683. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 306. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Fanpetals;wireweed
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dictyocarpus
|authority=Wight
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Malvinda
|authority=Boehmer
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Pseudomalachra
|authority=(K. Schumann) Monteiro
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae;Sida
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sida]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek side, name used by Theophrastos for plants now called Nymphaea alba Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 215, 217, 239, 311
|treatment_page=page 310
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, subshrubs, or shrubs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem growth form;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem coating"><b>Stems </b>erect, ascending, or reclining to procumbent, glabrous or hairy, sometimes viscid (S. glabra).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>spirally arranged (distichous in S. planicaulis and S. ulmifolia), petiolate or subsessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule shape">stipules persistent, usually linear to lanceolate or falcate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">blade usually unlobed (lobed with maplelike leaves in S. hermaphrodita), base cuneate, cordate, subcordate, truncate, or rounded, margins crenate, dentate, serrate, or entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form;inflorescence architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation;inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture or shape;bud quantity;lobe shape;lobe shape"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary solitary (sometimes paired or clustered) often plicate in bud, usually 1/2 divided, often 10-ribbed at base (unribbed in S. hermaphrodita) or angulate, lobes acute or acuminate to triangular or ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;center coloration">corolla white, cream, yellow, yellow-orange, salmon-pink, red-orange, or reddish [purplish], sometimes with dark-red center;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="staminal column position">staminal column included;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="style architecture">style 5–14-branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape">stigmas capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="fruit development;fruit shape;fruit architecture or coloration or relief;fruit pubescence;fruit pubescence;lateral wall duration;lateral wall dehiscence;lateral wall dehiscence;lateral wall dehiscence;dorsal wall variability"><b>Fruits </b>developed or muticous, reticulate, glabrous or hairy, lateral walls usually persistent, indehiscent below with well-differentiated dorsal wall, indehiscent or partially dehiscent apically.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>1 per mericarp, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seed quantity;seed pubescence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 7, 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia;warm-temperate and tropical areas
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 150 (19 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In the flora area, Sida linifolia Cavanilles, flax-leaved sida, is known from a single collection (Alabama, Mobile, introduced from West Indies on ballast, Sep 1886, Mohr s.n., F) and treated here as a waif; it is distinguished from other sidas in North America by its entire leaf margins. Sida cordata (Burman f.) Borssum Waalkes has been reported in Maryland (Baltimore City); it is a generally prostrate herb with cordate leaves and filiform pedicels that are nearly the same length as the leaves; no vouchers have been found; if it was present, it can be regarded as a waif. Reports of S. aggregata K. Presl, a variable and rather common Neotropical species, have not been verified; no vouchers have been located. Sida acuta Burman f. and S. carpinifolia Linnaeus f. are names often used for ballast specimens of plants found in temperate seaports that have not persisted.</p><!--
--><p>Most sidas have apical spines on the fruits that adhere to fur, wool, and clothing, and therefore it may be difficult to pinpoint their native ranges versus the areas to which they have been introduced. Some are considered to be pan-tropical roadside weeds.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades palmately 5–7-lobed, maplelike, to 24 cm; calyces not ribbed or angled.
|[[Sida hermaphrodita|Sida hermaphrodita]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades unlobed, 1–9 cm; calyces ribbed or angled
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems procumbent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems erect, sometimes ascending to reclining but not procumbent
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petals white; leaves distributed evenly along stems, blade margins crenate to base; stems usually with 1–2 mm simple hairs in addition to multirayed stellate hairs; mericarps slightly rugose.
|[[Sida abutilifolia|Sida abutilifolia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petals salmon-pink, red-orange, or yellowish; leaves crowded distally on stems, blade margins dentate only at apex; stems with appressed, normally 4-rayed stellate hairs; mericarps prominently muricate.
|[[Sida ciliaris|Sida ciliaris]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Styles 5-branched; mericarps 5; leaf blades cordate or subcordate at base
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Styles 7–14-branched; mericarps 7–14; leaf blades usually cuneate or truncate at base, sometimes rounded or subcordate to cordate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems and petioles minutely stellate-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm; petioles usually with small spinelike tubercle on stem just below its attachment.
|[[Sida spinosa|Sida spinosa]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems and petioles glandular-viscid and/or with simple hairs 1–3 mm; petioles without spinelike tubercle just below attachment to stem
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems usually glandular-viscid; petals white or yellow-orange without darker base, not fading rose-pink; calyces usually glandular, not setose, lobes triangular, acute to short-acuminate (not beaked in bud).
|[[Sida glabra|Sida glabra]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems not glandular-viscid; petals yellowish to orange or salmon usually with dark orange or reddish base, fading rose-pink; calyces setose, not glandular, lobes trullate, attenuate-aristate (beaked in bud).
|[[Sida urens|Sida urens]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves and branches distichous
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves spirally arranged
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Mericarps 7 or 8, spines 2 mm; inflorescences usually axillary glomerules, sometimes flowers solitary or paired; calyces 5–6 mm; staminal columns glabrous.
|[[Sida planicaulis|Sida planicaulis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Mericarps 8–12, spines 0.5–1 mm; inflorescences axillary, flowers solitary or paired; calyces 6–8 mm; staminal columns hairy, sometimes glabrous.
|[[Sida ulmifolia|Sida ulmifolia]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blades ± ovate or ovate-oblong with broadly cordate base, infrequently ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate; petioles (5–)10–25 mm
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blades rhombic to subrhombic or elliptic to oblong, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic, round, lanceolate, or linear; petioles 2–10(–40) mm
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blades velvety-tomentose, 1–2 times longer than wide; calyces prominently ribbed, densely stellate-tomentose; inflorescences axillary, usually corymbs or panicles, sometimes solitary flowers; fruits 6–7 mm diam.; mericarp spines to 2 mm; Alabama, Florida, Texas.
|[[Sida cordifolia|Sida cordifolia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blades not velvety, usually 5+ times as long as wide; calyces obscurely ribbed, stellate-hairy and with long simple hairs; inflorescences axillary solitary flowers; fruits 5–6 mm diam.; mericarp spines to 1 mm; Texas.
|[[Sida tragiifolia|Sida tragiifolia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blade margins usually entire basally, distally dentate or serrate
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blade margins crenulate-serrate to dentate to base
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Pedicels 0.4–1.2 cm; leaf blades lanceolate-elliptic to round, 1.5–5 cm.
|[[Sida antillensis|Sida antillensis]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Pedicels 0.5–4(–16) cm; leaf blades rhombic, subrhombic, or elliptic, 2.5–9 cm
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Petals yellow; stem hairs to 0.1 mm; pedicels (1–)3–4 cm.
|[[Sida rhombifolia|Sida rhombifolia]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Petals cream or pale yellow with reddish spot at base; stem hairs to 0.5 mm; pedicels to 2 cm.
|[[Sida santaremensis|Sida santaremensis]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pedicels 8–12(–16) cm.
|[[Sida longipes|Sida longipes]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pedicels 0.5–6 cm
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaf blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to linear, 4–20 times as long as wide
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or elliptic to subrhombic, 2.5–10 times as long as wide
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Plants usually little-branched from base; flowers little, if at all, apically congested; petals yellow-orange.
|[[Sida elliottii|Sida elliottii]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Plants freely branching from base; flowers apically congested; petals yellow-orange to reddish, sometimes drying lavender.
|[[Sida neomexicana|Sida neomexicana]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Pedicels 2–6 cm, sometimes equaling subtending leaf; mericarps 8–10.
|[[Sida lindheimeri|Sida lindheimeri]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Pedicels 0.5–3 cm, shorter than subtending leaf; mericarps 9–12
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Pedicels unarticulated; stipules subequal to corresponding petioles.
|[[Sida littoralis|Sida littoralis]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Pedicels articulated; stipules 2 times length of corresponding petioles.
|[[Sida rubromarginata|Sida rubromarginata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sida
|author=Paul A. Fryxell†;Steven R. Hill
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Dictyocarpus;Malvinda;Pseudomalachra
|basionyms=
|family=Malvaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia;warm-temperate and tropical areas
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_565.xml
|subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae
|genus=Sida
|base shape=rounded;truncate;rounded;truncate;subcordate;cordate;cuneate
|blade shape=unlobed
|bud quantity=1/2
|center coloration=dark-red
|corolla coloration=reddish;red-orange;reddish;red-orange;salmon-pink;yellow-orange;yellow;cream;white
|dorsal wall variability=well-differentiated
|fruit architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
|fruit development=developed
|fruit pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|fruit shape=muticous
|inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|inflorescence architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=plicate
|inflorescence architecture or shape=10-ribbed
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence shape=divided
|lateral wall dehiscence=dehiscent;indehiscent;indehiscent
|lateral wall duration=persistent
|leaf architecture=subsessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=arranged
|lobe shape=acuminate;triangular or ovate
|margin architecture or shape=entire;serrate;dentate
|margin shape=crenate
|seed pubescence=glabrous
|seed quantity=1
|staminal column position=included
|stem coating=viscid
|stem growth form=procumbent
|stem orientation=reclining;ascending;reclining;ascending;erect
|stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|stigma architecture or shape=capitate
|stipule duration=persistent
|stipule shape=usually linear;lanceolate or falcate
|style architecture=5-14-branched
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub;herb
|x chromosome quantity=8;7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]