View source for Silphium perfoliatum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Silphium perfoliatum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 1232. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Cup plant
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Silphium;Silphium perfoliatum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Silphium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Silphium perfoliatum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 77
|treatment_page=page 79
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>caulescent, 75–300 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">fibrous-rooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem shape;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>square, glabrous, hispid, or scabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="basal leaf duration"><b>Leaves:</b> basal caducous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture">cauline usually opposite, rarely whorled (in 3s), petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade length;blade width;base shape;base architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;apex shape;face pubescence">blades deltate, lanceolate, or ovate, 2–41 × 0.5–24 cm, bases attenuate or truncate (distal connate-perfoliate), margins entire, dentate, or bidentate, apices acuminate to acute, faces scabrous to hispid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="phyllary quantity;series quantity;outer phyllary fixation or orientation;apex shape;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence"><b>Phyllaries </b>25–37 in 2–3 series, outer appressed, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces scabrous or hispid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="ray-floret quantity"><b>Ray-</b>florets 17–35;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret quantity"><b>Disc-</b>florets 85–150 (–200);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="cypsela length;cypsela width"><b>Cypselae </b>8–12 × 5–9 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pappus some measurement">pappi 0.5–1.5 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 2 (2 in flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems glabrous or sparsely scabrous; peduncles glabrous
|[[Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum|Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems glabrous, hispid, or scabrous; peduncles usually scabrous to hispid
|[[Silphium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum|Silphium perfoliatum var. perfoliatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Silphium perfoliatum
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_175.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Silphium
|species=Silphium perfoliatum
|abaxial face pubescence=hispid;scabrous
|apex shape=acute;acuminate
|basal leaf duration=caducous
|base architecture or shape=truncate
|base shape=attenuate
|blade length=2cm;41cm
|blade shape=ovate;lanceolate;ovate;lanceolate;deltate
|blade width=0.5cm;24cm
|cauline leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|cauline leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite
|corolla coloration=yellow;yellow
|cypsela length=8mm;12mm
|cypsela width=5mm;9mm
|disc-floret atypical quantity=150;200
|disc-floret quantity=85;150
|face pubescence=scabrous;hispid
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=bidentate;dentate;bidentate;dentate
|outer phyllary fixation or orientation=appressed
|pappus some measurement=0.5mm;1.5mm
|phyllary quantity=25;37
|ray-floret quantity=17;35
|series quantity=2;3
|stem pubescence=scabrous;hispid;scabrous;hispid;glabrous
|stem shape=square
|whole_organism architecture=fibrous-rooted;caulescent
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism some measurement=75cm;300cm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Silphium]]