View source for Silybum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Silybum
|accepted_authority=Adanson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fam. Pl.
|place=2: 116, 605. 1763
|year=1763
}}
|common_names=Milk thistle
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Silybum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Silybum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek silybon, a kind of thistle
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 66, 82, 83
|treatment_page=page 164
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism architecture;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;herbage pubescence;herbage pubescence;herbage pubescence;herbage pubescence;herbage pubescence;herbage architecture or shape"><b>Annuals </b>or biennials, taprooted, 15–300 cm, herbage glabrous, puberulent, or slightly tomentose, spiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, usually simple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate (basal and proximal cauline) or sessile (distal cauline);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade coloration;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;tooth architecture or shape;tooth pubescence;tooth pubescence;lobe architecture or shape;lobe pubescence;lobe pubescence">blades adaxially variegated, margins dentate and often coarsely pinnately lobed, teeth and lobes spine-tipped, glabrous or puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head position or structure subtype"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly, terminal and in distal axils.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter">(Peduncles with reduced leaflike bracts.) Involucres ovoid to spheric, 15–60 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;series quantity;outer and mid phyllary size;outer and mid phyllary orientation;outer and mid phyllary shape;outer and mid phyllary architecture;base fixation or orientation;phyllary position;phyllary architecture or shape;apex orientation;apex prominence or shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 4–6 series, unequal, outer and mid with appressed bases and spreading, lanceolate to ovate, spiny-fringed, terminal appendages, at least mid spine-tipped, innermost with erect, flat, entire, spineless apices.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle architecture;bristle coloration"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, epaleate, covered with whitish bristles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>25–100+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube size;tube shape;tube size;throat height or length or size;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas pink to purple, tubes slender, distally bent, abruptly expanded into short throats, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen filament fusion;anther base shape;anther appendage shape">stamen filaments connate, anther bases sharply short-tailed, anther appendages oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="portion fusion;portion shape;subterminal node shape;portion fusion;portion size">style-branches: fused portions with slightly swollen subterminal nodes, distally cylindric, distinct portions minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;apex pubescence;rim architecture or pubescence or relief;rim architecture or shape;attachment scar shape"><b>Cypselae </b>ovoid, slightly compressed, not ribbed, apices with smooth, entire rims, glabrous, basal attachment scars slightly angled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pappus life cycle;scale quantity;scale architecture or shape;scale fusion;scale shape;bristle size;bristle architecture or pubescence or relief">pappi falling in rings, outer of many minutely barbed, basally connate, subulate scales, inner of minute smooth bristles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">x = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mediterranean region
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 2 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Silybum
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mediterranean region
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Fam. Pl.
|publication year=1763
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_170.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Silybum
|anther appendage shape=oblong
|anther base shape=short-tailed
|apex architecture=spineless
|apex architecture or shape=entire
|apex orientation=erect
|apex prominence or shape=flat
|apex pubescence=glabrous
|attachment scar shape=angled
|base fixation or orientation=appressed
|blade coloration=variegated
|bristle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|bristle coloration=whitish
|bristle size=minute
|corolla coloration=pink;purple
|cypsela architecture or shape=not ribbed
|cypsela shape=compressed;ovoid
|floret quantity=25;100
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=singly
|head position or structure subtype=terminal
|herbage architecture or shape=spiny
|herbage pubescence=tomentose;puberulent;tomentose;puberulent;glabrous
|involucre diameter=15mm;60mm
|involucre shape=ovoid;spheric
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|lobe pubescence=puberulent;glabrous
|margin architecture or shape=dentate
|margin shape=lobed
|outer and mid phyllary architecture=spiny-fringed
|outer and mid phyllary orientation=spreading
|outer and mid phyllary shape=lanceolate;ovate
|outer and mid phyllary size=unequal
|pappus life cycle=falling
|phyllary architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|phyllary position=mid
|phyllary quantity=many
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion shape=cylindric
|portion size=minute
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|rim architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|rim architecture or shape=entire
|scale architecture or shape=barbed
|scale fusion=connate
|scale quantity=many
|scale shape=subulate
|series quantity=4;6
|stamen filament fusion=connate
|stem architecture=simple
|stem orientation=erect
|subterminal node shape=swollen
|throat height or length or size=short
|tooth architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|tooth pubescence=puberulent;glabrous
|tube shape=bent
|tube size=expanded;slender
|whole-organism architecture=taprooted;taprooted
|whole-organism duration=biennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=15cm;300cm
|x chromosome quantity=17
}}<!--

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