View source for Simsia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Simsia
|accepted_authority=Persoon
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syn. Pl.
|place=2: 478. 1807
|year=1807
}}
|common_names=Bush sunflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae;Simsia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Simsia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For John Sims, 1749–1831, British physician and botanist
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 135
|treatment_page=page 140
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, or subshrubs [shrubs], 20–400 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect or ascending [decumbent], sparingly to freely branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">opposite (proximal) or alternate [whorled];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">petiolate (petioles often ± winged, often with expanded bases, those bases sometimes fused to form nodal “discs”) [sessile];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade quantity;blade shape;base shape;ultimate margin shape;ultimate margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades 3-nerved from bases, mostly deltate to ovate [linear], sometimes 3- [5-] lobed [pinnatifid], bases cordate to cuneate, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces hirsute, hispid, pilose, puberulent, scabrous, or scabro-hispid [sericeous], often glanddotted or ± stipitate-glandular to glandular-puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture or fragility;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>radiate [discoid], borne singly or in 2s or 3s, or in tight to loose, corymbiform [paniculiform] arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>campanulate [ovoid-campanulate to urceolate], 5–16 [–22] mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, [11–] 13–43 [–66] in 2–4 series (tightly appressed to broadly reflexed, unequal to subequal).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>low-convex, paleate (paleae conduplicate, ± enclosing cypselae).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets [0–] 5–21 [–45], styliferous and sterile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas orange-yellow [lemon-yellow, pink, purple, or white].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets [12–] 13–154 [–172], bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;lobe quantity;lobe shape">corollas concolorous with rays (usually turning purple apically), tubes (often glandular-hairy) shorter than throats, lobes 5, ± triangular (anthers black, yellow, or yellow proximally and bronze or purple distally; style-branches relatively slender, apices sometimes attenuate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela architecture"><b>Cypselae </b>flattened, thin-margined [thickened, biconvex] (shoulders minute to conspicuous, faces glabrous or hairy);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="scale quantity;scale shape">pappi 0, or fragile or readily falling, of 2 ± subulate scales [plus 4–12 shorter scales].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus fragility;pappus life cycle;x chromosome quantity">x = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;West Indies (Jamaica);Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Species 20 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=spooner1990a
|text=Spooner, D. M. 1990. Systematics of Simsia (Compositae–Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 30: 1–90.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials or subshrubs (roots fusiform-thickened); ray florets 8–21, corollas light orange-yellow (abaxial faces often brown- or purple-lined, or wholly brown or purple); disc florets (26–)90–154; anthers usually yellow, rarely black
|[[Simsia calva|Simsia calva]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals (rarely persisting, taprooted or fibrous rooted); ray florets 5–10, corollas orange-yellow; disc florets 13–27; anthers yellow proximally, usually purple to bronze distally
|[[Simsia lagasceiformis|Simsia lagasceiformis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Simsia
|author=David M. Spooner
|authority=Persoon
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;West Indies (Jamaica);Central America;South America
|reference=spooner1990a
|publication title=Syn. Pl.
|publication year=1807
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_339.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|genus=Simsia
|array architecture=corymbiform
|array architecture or fragility=loose
|base shape=cordate;cuneate
|blade architecture=3-nerved
|blade quantity=3;45
|blade shape=lobed;mostly deltate;ovate
|corolla coloration=concolorous;orange-yellow
|cypsela architecture=thin-margined
|cypsela shape=flattened
|disc-floret atypical quantity=154;172
|disc-floret quantity=13;154
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=less stipitate-glandular;glandular-puberulent
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|head arrangement=in 2s or 3s , or in tight;singly
|involucre diameter=5mm;16mm
|involucre shape=campanulate
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate;opposite
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=triangular
|pappus fragility=fragile
|pappus life cycle=falling
|pappus presence=absent
|phyllary atypical quantity=43;66
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary quantity=13;43
|ray-floret architecture=styliferous
|ray-floret atypical quantity=21;45
|ray-floret quantity=5;21
|ray-floret reproduction=sterile
|receptacle architecture=paleate
|receptacle shape=low-convex
|scale quantity=2
|scale shape=subulate
|series quantity=2;4
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|tube height or length or size=shorter
|ultimate margin shape=toothed;entire
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=20cm;400cm
|whole_organism growth form=subshrub
|x chromosome quantity=17
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]