View source for Sorghum ← Sorghum You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Sorghum |accepted_authority=Moench |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Sorghum |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sorghum]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 25 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 626 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm some measurement"><b>Culms </b>50-500+ cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="internode architecture">internodes solid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf odor;leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>not aromatic, basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade prominence or shape">blades usually flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;rachis prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, panicles with evident rachises;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="primary branch arrangement;primary branch architecture">primary branches whorled, compound, the ultimate units rames;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet architecture;spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;median line coloration or reflectance">rames with most spikelets in heterogamous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs, terminal spikelet unit on each rame usually a triplet of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, rame axes without a translucent median line;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture">disarticulation in the rames below the sessile spikelets, sometimes also below the pedicellate spikelets (cultivated taxa not or only tardily disarticulating).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;callus shape;callus shape"><b>Sessile </b>spikelets dorsally compressed, calluses blunt or pointed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lower glume shape;lower glume shape;lower glume shape;lower glume architecture;lower glume architecture">lower glumes dorsally compressed and rounded basally, 2-keeled or winged distally, 5-15-veined, usually unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="upper glume shape;upper glume architecture or shape">upper glumes 2-keeled, sometimes awned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="lower floret size;lemma coloration">lower florets reduced to hyaline lemmas;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="upper floret architecture;upper floret reproduction;lemma coloration;lemma architecture or shape">upper florets pistillate or bisexual, lemmas hyaline, sometimes awned.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pedicel size;pedicel fixation or orientation;pedicel fusion"><b>Pedicels </b>slender, neither appressed nor fused to the rame axes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture;spikelet reproduction;spikelet development;spikelet size;spikelet architecture;x chromosome quantity"><b>Pedicellate </b>spikelets staminate or sterile, well-developed, often subequal to the sessile spikelets in size, x = 10.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;N.H.;Vt.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;Kans.;Okla.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Maine;Md.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Ky. |discussion=<p>Most of the approximately 25 species of Sorghum are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, but one is native to Mexico. Two have been introduced into the Flora region. Some species are grown as forage, although they produce cyanogenic compounds. Sorghum bicolor is widely cultivated, being used as a grain, for syrup, and as a flavoring for beer.</p><!-- --><p>Spangler (2000) found, using ndhF data, that Sorghum is polyphyletic, forming two distinct clades. The two species treated here were in the same clade. He found Microstegium and Miscanthus to be more closely related to Sorghum than Sorghastrum.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=clayton1982a |text=Clayton, W.D. and S.A Renvoize. 1982. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Gramineae (Part 3). A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 448 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=de1978a |text=de Wet, J.M.J. 1978. Systematics and evolution of Sorghum sect. Sorghum (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 65:477-484 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=dillon2001a |text=Dillon, S.L., P.K. Lawrence, and R.J. Henry. 2001. The use of ribosomal ITS to determine phylogenetic relationships within Sorghum. PL Syst. Evol. 230:97-110 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=harlan1972a |text=Harlan, J.R. and J.M.J, de Wet. 1972. Sources of variation in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. 12:172-176 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=harlan1976a |text=Harlan, J.R., J.M.J, de Wet, and A.B.L. Stemler (eds.). 1976. Origins of African Plant Domestication. Mouton Press, The Hague, The Netherlands. 498 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=r2000a |text=Spangler. R.E. 2000. Andropogoneae systematics and generic limits in Sorghum. Pp. 167-170 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution (3rd:1998). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 408 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants perennial, rhizomatous; spikelets disarticulating at maturity; caryopses not exposed at maturity |[[Sorghum halepense|Sorghum halepense]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants usually annual, sometimes short-lived perennials; spikelets either not disarticulating or doing so tardily; caryopses often exposed at maturity |[[Sorghum bicolor|Sorghum bicolor]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Sorghum |author=Mary E. Barkworth; |authority=Moench |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;N.H.;Vt.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;Kans.;Okla.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Maine;Md.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Ky. |reference=clayton1982a;de1978a;dillon2001a;harlan1972a;harlan1976a;r2000a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25_1529.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae |genus=Sorghum |auricle presence=absent |blade prominence or shape=flat |callus shape=pointed;blunt |culm some measurement=50cm;500cm |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |internode architecture=solid |leaf odor=not aromatic |leaf position=cauline;basal |lemma architecture or shape=awned |lemma coloration=hyaline;hyaline |ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=of hairs;ciliate |ligule texture=membranous |lower floret size=reduced |lower glume architecture=5-15-veined;winged |lower glume shape=2-keeled;rounded;compressed |median line coloration or reflectance=translucent |pedicel fixation or orientation=appressed |pedicel fusion=fused |pedicel size=slender |primary branch architecture=compound |primary branch arrangement=whorled |rachis prominence=evident |spikelet architecture=sessile;staminate;pedicellate;sessile;pedicellate;sessile;pedicellate;sessile;sessile-pedicellate |spikelet development=well-developed |spikelet quantity=2;1 |spikelet reproduction=sterile;heterogamous |spikelet shape=compressed |spikelet size=subequal |upper floret architecture=pistillate |upper floret reproduction=bisexual |upper glume architecture or shape=awned |upper glume shape=2-keeled |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=10 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Sorghum.