View source for Spiraea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Spiraea
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 489. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 216. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Spirée
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae;Spiraea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Spiraea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek speira, to become spiral, alluding to flexile branches being suitable for wreathing into garlands
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 20, 24, 399, 401, 405, 407, 412, 414, 416, 422
|treatment_page=page 398
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> 1–40 dm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">usually rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation"><b>Stems </b>5–20+, usually erect to ascending or arching, sometimes spreading, prostrate, or decumbent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark coloration;bark coloration;bark relief;bark relief">bark reddish to dark-brown, gray, or gray-black, exfoliating or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="short-shoot length or size;short-shoot presence">long and short-shoots present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stem life cycle;stem coloration;stem pubescence;stem pubescence">young stems tan or reddish-brown to brown, glabrous or villous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf duration;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf growth form;cauline leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous (tardily so in S. thunbergii, partly persistent in S. cantoniensis), cauline, alternate, dimorphic with shoot type, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade arrangement or shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade some measurement;blade texture;blade texture;blade texture;blade texture;blade texture;margin prominence or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">blade obovate to oblanceolate, rhombic, elliptic, or linear to lanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate, 1–10 cm, membranous, chartaceous, or coriaceous, margins flat, serrate to serrulate, dentate, or entire, venation pinnate, surfaces glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;panicle architecture;panicle architecture;panicle pubescence;panicle pubescence"><b>Inflorescences </b>mostly terminal or mostly axillary, (2–) 3–1000+-flowered, panicles or corymbiform or racemiform, hairy or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bract presence;bract presence">bracts present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="bracteole presence;bracteole presence">bracteoles present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower diameter;foliation architecture"><b>Flowers </b>opening before or after full foliation, 2–15 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="epicalyx bractlet quantity;epicalyx bractlet quantity">epicalyx bractlets 1 or 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape;hypanthium atypical some measurement;hypanthium some measurement;hypanthium pubescence;hypanthium pubescence">hypanthium usually hemispheric or campanulate, sometimes turbinate or crateriform, 0.5–2 (–5) mm, ± densely hairy or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape">sepals 5, usually erect, spreading, or reflexed, sometimes ascending, deltate, triangular, ovate-triangular, or ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal arrangement or shape">petals 5, greenish, yellowish, chalky, or translucent white, white, pink [rose], or purple, ovate to obovate, suborbiculate, or orbiculate, sometimes elliptic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="staminode presence;staminode size;staminode function">staminodes present or reduced to annulus, nectariferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size;stamen length or size;series quantity">stamens 10–50 in 2–4 series, shorter or longer than petals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="torus presence;torus size">torus absent or reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="carpel quantity;carpel atypical quantity;carpel quantity;carpel fusion;carpel pubescence;style position;style position;stigma architecture or shape;stigma architecture or shape">carpels [3 or] 4 or 5 [–8], free, glabrate to tomentose, styles terminal or subterminal, stigmas capitate or discoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules 2 [–4].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit quantity;fruit atypical some measurement;fruit some measurement;fruit texture;fruit pubescence;fruit pubescence;follicle arrangement"><b>Fruits </b>aggregated follicles, 4 or 5, cymbiform, ellipsoid, falcate, fusiform, or oblanceoloid, (0.5–) 1.5–4 mm, coriaceous, glabrous or tomentose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="hypanthium duration">hypanthium persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal orientation">sepals persistent or deciduous, spreading, ascending, erect, or reflexed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="style duration;style duration">styles persistent or deciduous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed some measurement;x chromosome quantity"><b>Seeds </b>2–4 per follicle, fusiform to oblong, 2–4 mm. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia;widely;especially in the northern hemisphere;where often cultivated
|discussion=<p>Species 100–120 (17, including 3 hybrids, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Spiraea has been a popular decorative plant in North America, Europe, and Asia. Horticultural hybrids have been named. Hybridization also occurs in natural settings, complicating the identification of the species and varieties. For specimens that are suspected of being naturalized or of hybrid origin, additional references for identification include horticultural works such as L. H. Bailey et al. (1949), W. J. Bean (1970–1988, vol. 4), A. J. Rehder (1927), H. S. Maxwell and S. G. Knees (1989), and A. Huxley et al. (1992, vol. 4), or the major floristic treatments by A. I. Pojarkova (1971) and Lu L. T. and C. Alexander (2003), and references therein.</p><!--
--><p>The position of Spiraea within the Rosaceae has been the subject of considerable speculation; treatments by D. Potter et al. (2002, 2007b) are particularly useful. The floral ontogeny and morphology of S. alba and S. trilobata Linnaeus were examined and compared to other members of the Amygdaloideae by R. C. Evans and T. A. Dickinson (1999b).</p><!--
--><p>Spiraea hypericifolia Linnaeus has been found naturalized in eastern Texas (J. N. Mink et al. 2011) and has been reported in Mississippi (plants.usda.gov). The species is native to central and southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe; it has been widely cultivated in Europe and North America, but there are few reports of its escape and naturalization. The invasive potential of S. hypericifolia is uncertain and will likely vary with local site conditions. In its native habitat, it can form thickets on dry slopes and in riparian zones and wet meadows.</p><!--
--><p>A description of Spiraea hypericifolia follows: Shrubs 5–15 dm, usually rhizomatous. Stems erect to ascending. Leaves: petiole 1–4 mm; blade oblong-obovate or obovate lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm, length 2–4 times width, base acute, margins entire or with a few reduced teeth at apex, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, 4–12-flowered, 0.75–2.5 × 1–3 cm. Flowers 5–8 mm diam.; hypanthia campanulate, 2–4 mm; sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm; petals white, obovate to suborbiculate, 3–4 mm; staminodes 10–12; stamens 16–22, 0.8 times petal length. Follicles oblanceoloid, 1.4–2 mm, glabrous.</p><!--
--><p>In North America, Spiraea hypericifolia would most resemble S. prunifolia or S. thunbergii and can be distinguished from these two species in that they have a leaf blade margin that is sharply serrulate, whereas in S. hypericifolia the margin is entire or with only a few teeth at the apex. Other characters that are helpful are leaf shape; see the descriptions of 12. S. prunifolia and 13. S. thunbergii for comparative details.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences racemiform, corymbiform, or panicles, sometimes reduced or simple fascicles (S. prunifolia), usually mostly axillary
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences corymbiform or conic, cylindric, hemispheric obconic, pyramidal, or pyriform panicles, mostly terminal
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves: venation pinnate simple craspedodromous.
|[[Spiraea chamaedryfolia|Spiraea chamaedryfolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves: venation pinnate cladodromous, eucamptodromous, simple craspedodromous, or suprabasal actinodromous
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves: venation suprabasal actinodromous.
|[[Spiraea ×vanhouttei|Spiraea ×vanhouttei]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves: venation pinnate cladodromous, pinnate eucamptodromous, or pinnate simple craspedodromous
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, venation pinnate eucamptodromous.
|[[Spiraea thunbergii|Spiraea thunbergii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades ovate, elliptic, oblanceolate, or rhombic-lanceolate, venation pinnate cladodromous or pinnate simple craspedodromous
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade margins serrulate, usually from near base to apex, sometimes only distally from middle, rarely nearly entire with relatively few teeth apically, venation pinnate cladodromous.
|[[Spiraea prunifolia|Spiraea prunifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade margins coarsely serrate or irregularly 3-fid to slightly lobed distally, venation pinnate simple craspedodromous.
|[[Spiraea cantoniensis|Spiraea cantoniensis]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals usually pink, sometimes white or purple; leaves: secondary veins prominent
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals usually greenish, yellowish, or translucent white, white, or chalky white, sometimes pink-tinged to pink; leaves: secondary veins not prominent
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stamens 15–20, 1 times petal length; follicles tomentose to arachnoid.
|[[Spiraea tomentosa|Spiraea tomentosa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stamens (10–)20–40, (1–)2–3 times petal length; follicles glabrous or adaxial sutures sometimes sparsely ciliate
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences corymbiform or elongate-conic to elongate-pyriform or hemispheric panicles, height 0.5–1(–2) times diam.; stamens 10–40, 1–2 times petal length; leaf abaxial surfaces glabrous or puberulent
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences conic or hemispheric to obconic panicles, height 1–4 times diam.; stamens 20–35, 2–3 times petal length; leaf abaxial surfaces lanate to tomentose or glabrous or puberulent to pubescent
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stamens 35–40; leaf abaxial surfaces glabrous or puberulent.
|[[Spiraea splendens|Spiraea splendens]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stamens 10–20; leaf abaxial surfaces puberulent.
|[[Spiraea ×hitchcockii|Spiraea ×hitchcockii]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Panicles conic, height 2–4 times diam.; stamens 25–35; staminodes 0.
|[[Spiraea douglasii|Spiraea douglasii]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Panicles hemispheric to obconic, height 1–1.5 times diam.; stamens 20–30; staminodes 10–15.
|[[Spiraea ×pyramidata|Spiraea ×pyramidata]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves: number of primary and secondary serrations 3–5 times number of secondary veins (excluding inter-secondary veins).
|[[Spiraea japonica|Spiraea japonica]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves: primary and secondary serrations 0–1 times number of secondary veins (excluding inter-secondary veins)
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Shrubs 1–10(–15) dm; inflorescences corymbiform, height usually 0.4–1.1 times diam.; inflorescence branches rarely in axils of leaves
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Shrubs 10–40 dm; inflorescences usually conic, cylindric, obconic, or pyramidal panicles, height 1.4–5 times diam., sometimes corymbiform, then ± hemispheric, height 0.5–1 times diam.; inflorescence branches usually in axils of leaves
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves coriaceous, margins irregularly, coarsely and sharply doubly serrate, teeth acute and mucronate.
|[[Spiraea corymbosa|Spiraea corymbosa]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves membranous, margins usually regularly to irregularly serrate, serrulate, or crenate, rarely entire, teeth rounded
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Stems erect to ascending, often dying to ground annually; leaf bases acute.
|[[Spiraea lucida|Spiraea lucida]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Stems ascending to prostrate, rarely dying to ground, rarely branched; leaf bases obtuse.
|[[Spiraea stevenii|Spiraea stevenii]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaves: blade length 3 times width, margins entire or dentate, (teeth 1–4 in distal 1/4 of blade).
|[[Spiraea virginiana|Spiraea virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Leaves: blade length 3–5 times width, margins serrulate to serrate
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate or broadly oblanceolate to obovate, secondary veins irregularly terminating in primary teeth, inter-secondary veins usually 8–12+ per leaf; inflorescence branches puberulent to pubescent.
|[[Spiraea alba|Spiraea alba]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaf blades narrowly rhombic to rhombic or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, secondary veins regularly terminating in primary teeth, inter-secondary veins usually 1–4 per leaf; inflorescence branches puberulent or glabrous.
|[[Spiraea salicifolia|Spiraea salicifolia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Spiraea
|author=Richard Lis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia;widely;especially in the northern hemisphere;where often cultivated
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_667.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae
|genus=Spiraea
|bark coloration=reddish;dark-brown gray or gray-black
|bark relief=not;exfoliating
|blade arrangement or shape=elliptic
|blade shape=linear;lanceolate ovate or suborbiculate
|blade some measurement=1cm;10cm
|blade texture=coriaceous;chartaceous;coriaceous;chartaceous;membranous
|bract presence=absent;absent
|bracteole presence=absent;absent
|carpel atypical quantity=5;8
|carpel fusion=free
|carpel pubescence=glabrate;tomentose
|carpel quantity=5;4
|cauline leaf architecture=simple
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|cauline leaf growth form=dimorphic
|epicalyx bractlet quantity=2;1
|flower diameter=2mm;15mm
|foliation architecture=full
|follicle arrangement=aggregated
|fruit atypical some measurement=0.5mm;1.5mm
|fruit pubescence=tomentose;glabrous
|fruit quantity=5;4;5;4;5;4;5;4;5;4
|fruit shape=list;count
|fruit some measurement=1.5mm;4mm
|fruit texture=coriaceous
|hypanthium atypical some measurement=2mm;5mm
|hypanthium duration=persistent
|hypanthium pubescence=glabrous;hairy
|hypanthium shape=crateriform;turbinate;campanulate;hemispheric
|hypanthium some measurement=0.5mm;2mm
|inflorescence architecture=(2-)3-1000+-flowered
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf duration=deciduous
|margin architecture or shape=pinnate;entire;dentate;entire;dentate;serrate;serrulate
|margin prominence or shape=flat
|ovule atypical quantity=2;4
|ovule quantity=2
|panicle architecture=racemiform;corymbiform
|panicle pubescence=glabrous;hairy
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal arrangement or shape=elliptic
|petal coloration=purple;pink;white;translucent white;chalky;purple;pink;white;translucent white;chalky;purple;pink;white;translucent white;chalky;purple;pink;white;translucent white;chalky;purple;pink;white;translucent white;chalky;yellowish;greenish
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=ovate;obovate suborbiculate or orbiculate
|petiole presence=absent
|seed quantity=2;4
|seed shape=fusiform;oblong
|seed some measurement=2mm;4mm
|sepal duration=deciduous;persistent
|sepal orientation=reflexed;erect;reflexed;erect;ascending;spreading;ascending;reflexed;spreading;reflexed;spreading;erect
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=ovate;ovate-triangular;ovate;ovate-triangular;triangular;deltate
|series quantity=2;4
|short-shoot length or size=long
|short-shoot presence=absent
|stamen height or length or size=shorter
|stamen length or size=shorter or longer
|stamen quantity=10;50
|staminode function=nectariferous
|staminode presence=absent
|staminode size=reduced
|stem coloration=reddish-brown;brown
|stem growth form or orientation=decumbent;prostrate;decumbent;prostrate
|stem life cycle=young
|stem orientation=spreading;usually erect;ascending or arching
|stem pubescence=villous;glabrous
|stem quantity=5;20
|stigma architecture or shape=discoid;capitate
|style duration=deciduous;persistent
|style position=subterminal;terminal
|surface pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|torus presence=absent
|torus size=reduced
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism growth form=shrub
|whole_organism some measurement=1dm;40dm
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae]]