View source for Stemodia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Stemodia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 1091, 1118, 1374. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Twintips
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Stemodia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Stemodia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek stemon, stamen, and dis, double, alluding to each stamen bearing two anthers
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 15, 270, 271, 275
|treatment_page=page 279
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>[suffruticose herbs], annual or perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, hairy [glabrous].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, opposite or whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole absent [present];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;margin shape;margin shape">blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins serrate or denticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, spikes, racemes, or flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract presence;bract presence">bracts present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole size;calyx position relational">bracteoles smaller than calyx lobes, not surrounding calyx of flower they subtend.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;calyx architecture or shape;calyx shape;lobe shape">sepals 5, basally connate, calyx bilaterally symmetric [radially symmetric], tubular, lobes narrowly lanceolate to narrowly triangular, outer lobes ± as wide as inner;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla architecture;corolla shape;tube base shape;tube base shape;lobe quantity;abaxial lobe quantity;adaxial lobe quantity">corolla blue-purple, lavender, or white, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion;stamen architecture;filament pubescence">stamens 4, proximally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous [hairy];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="staminode presence;staminode quantity;staminode shape">staminode 0 or 1, short-cylindric [filiform];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary 2-locular, placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate, 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence;fruits capsule architecture"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, dehiscence loculicidal, 4-valved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;wing presence"><b>Seeds </b>10–150, light-brown [black], ovoid or ellipsoid, wings absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia
|discussion=<p>Species 52 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Stemodia is closely allied to Leucospora, Limnophila, and Schistophragma in Gratioleae. D. Estes and R. L. Small (2008) found Stemodia to be paraphyletic as now delimited. Of the species in the flora area, only S. schottii was sampled; it appears to be in the cluster containing S. maritima Linnaeus, the type of the genus.</p><!--
--><p>Species of Stemodia can resemble other small-flowered Plantaginaceae but always can be distinguished by their distinct anther cells, their ovoid, loculicidal, four-valved capsules, and their parallel-ridged seeds. Schistophragma has pinnately lobed leaf blade margins, narrowly cylindric, septicidal fruits, and spirally ridged seeds. Leucospora is distinguished by its pinnatifid to bipinnatifid leaf blade margins, pedicels without bracteoles, and septicidal capsules. Limnophila grows in mud or shallow water and has pinnatifid blade margins of submersed leaves.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=turner1993d
|text=Turner, B. L. and C. C. Cowan. 1993. Taxonomic overview of Stemodia (Scrophulariaceae) for North America and the West Indies. Phytologia 74: 61–103.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade surfaces densely white-tomentose, bases not auriculate or clasping.
|[[Stemodia lanata|Stemodia lanata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade surfaces sparsely hairy or sparsely glandular-hairy, bases auriculate or clasping.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences terminal, spikes, racemes, or flowers 1–4 per axil; corollas 5–8 mm.
|[[Stemodia durantifolia|Stemodia durantifolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences axillary, flowers 1 or 2 per axil; corollas 10–13 mm.
|[[Stemodia schottii|Stemodia schottii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Stemodia
|author=Kerry A. Barringer
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia
|reference=turner1993d
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_672.xml
|genus=Stemodia
|abaxial lobe quantity=3
|adaxial lobe quantity=2
|blade texture=not leathery;not fleshy
|bract presence=absent;absent
|bracteole size=smaller
|calyx architecture or shape=symmetric
|calyx position relational=not surrounding
|calyx shape=tubular
|corolla architecture=bilabiate
|corolla architecture or shape=symmetric
|corolla coloration=white;lavender;white;lavender;blue-purple
|corolla shape=tubular
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruits capsule architecture=4-valved
|fruits capsule dehiscence=loculicidal
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=narrowly lanceolate;narrowly triangular
|margin shape=denticulate;serrate
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|ovary placentation=axile
|pedicel presence=absent;absent
|petiole presence=absent
|seed coloration=light-brown
|seed quantity=10;150
|seed shape=ellipsoid;ovoid
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen architecture=didynamous
|stamen fusion=adnate
|stamen quantity=4
|staminode presence=absent
|staminode quantity=1
|staminode shape=short-cylindric
|stem growth form or orientation=prostrate;decumbent;prostrate;decumbent
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem pubescence=hairy
|stigma architecture or shape=capitate
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|tube base shape=gibbous;not spurred
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|wing presence=absent
}}<!--

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