View source for Taxaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Taxaceae
|accepted_authority=Gray
|publications=
|common_names=Yew Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Taxaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Taxaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 423
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism coating;whole_organism odor;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism coating;whole_organism odor;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs evergreen, usually neither resinous nor aromatic (sharp or foul-odored in Torreya), dioecious or monoecious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark architecture or pubescence;bark relief"><b>Bark </b>scaly or fissured.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="lateral branch development"><b>Lateral </b>branches well developed, similar to leading shoots;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="twig shape;leaf-base shape;leaf-base shape">twigs terete, not densely clothed by leaves but ± ridged by decurrent leaf-bases;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="longest internode some measurement">longest internodes less than 1 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bud prominence">buds ± inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="root texture"><b>Roots </b>fibrous to woody.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf duration;leaf quantity;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>(needles) simple, persisting several years, shed singly, alternate [opposite], spirally arranged but often twisted so as to appear 2-ranked, linear to linear-lanceolate, decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="resin canal presence;resin canal presence">resin canals present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="pollen cone life cycle;pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form;pollen cone arrangement or growth form;pollen cone position;pollen cone shape;branch life cycle;microsporangium quantity"><b>Pollen </b>cones maturing and shed annually, solitary or clustered, axillary on year-old branches, globose to ovoid, sporophylls bearing 2–16 microsporangia (pollen-sacs);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pollen shape;pollen architecture">pollen ± spheric, not winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="seed-cone size;seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone position;ovule quantity;bract prominence;bract arrangement;season quantity;branch life cycle"><b>Seed-</b>cones reduced to 1–2 ovules subtended by inconspicuous, decussate bracts, maturing in 1–2 seasons, axillary on year-old branches.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seed quantity;seed orientation;seed architecture;seed-coat texture;aril texture;aril texture;aril texture"><b>Seeds </b>1 per cone, erect, not winged, hard seed-coat partially or wholly surrounded by a juicy, fleshy or leathery aril;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cotyledon quantity">cotyledons 2.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mainly Northern Hemisphere
|discussion=<p>Genera 5, species 17–20 (2 genera, 5 species in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=burns1990b
|text=Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. 1. Conifers. Washington. [Agric. Handb. 654.]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=canadian1983a
|text=Canadian Forestry Service. 1983. Reproduction of Conifers. Forest. Techn. Pub. Canad. Forest. Serv. 31.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=farjon1990a
|text=Farjon, A. 1990. A Bibliography of Conifers. Königstein. [Regnum Veg. 122.]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=florin1948a
|text=Florin, R. 1948. On the morphology and relationship of the Taxaceae. Bot. Gaz. 110: 31--39.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hosie1969b
|text=Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native Trees of Canada, ed. 7. Ottawa. Pp. 110--111.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=krussmann1972a
|text=Krüssmann, G. 1972. Handbuch der Nadelgehölze. Berlin.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=little1979b
|text=Little, E. L. Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States Trees (Native and Naturalized). Washington. Pp. 283, 287--288. [Agric. Handb. 541.]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pilger1903a
|text=Pilger, R. K. F. 1903. Taxaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler, ed. 1900--1953. Das Pflanzenreich... Berlin. Vol. 18[IV,5], pp. 1--124.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pilger1916a
|text=Pilger, R. K. F. 1916. Die Taxales. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 25: 1--28.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pilger1926a
|text=Pilger, R. K. F. 1926. Coniferae: Taxaceae. In: H. G. A. Engler et al., eds. 1924+. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien..., ed. 2. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 13, pp. 199--211.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=price1990a
|text=Price, R. A. 1990. The genera of Taxaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 69--91.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=silba1986a
|text=Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8: 1--127.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves flexible, without resin canal, apex mucronate, soft-pointed, not sharp to touch; aril scarlet to orange-scarlet, soft, mucilaginous, thick, cup-shaped, open at apex, exposing hard seed coat.
|[[Taxus|Taxus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves rigid, stiff, with central resin canal, apex acute, spine-tipped, sharp to touch; aril green or green with purple streaks, leathery, resinous, thin, completely enclosing hard seed coat.
|[[Torreya|Torreya]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Taxaceae
|author=Matthew H. Hils
|authority=Gray
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Taxaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Mainly Northern Hemisphere
|reference=burns1990b;canadian1983a;farjon1990a;florin1948a;hosie1969b;krussmann1972a;little1979b;pilger1903a;pilger1916a;pilger1926a;price1990a;silba1986a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_504.xml
|aril texture=leathery;fleshy;juicy
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bark relief=fissured
|bract arrangement=decussate
|bract prominence=inconspicuous
|branch life cycle=year-old;year-old
|bud prominence=inconspicuous
|cotyledon quantity=2
|lateral branch development=developed
|leaf architecture=twisted;simple
|leaf arrangement=arranged;alternate;singly
|leaf duration=persisting
|leaf quantity=several
|leaf shape=decurrent;linear;linear-lanceolate
|leaf-base shape=decurrent;ridged
|longest internode some measurement=0cm;1cm
|microsporangium quantity=2;16
|ovule quantity=1;2
|pollen architecture=not winged
|pollen cone architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|pollen cone arrangement or growth form=clustered
|pollen cone life cycle=maturing
|pollen cone position=axillary
|pollen cone shape=globose;ovoid
|pollen shape=spheric
|resin canal presence=absent;absent
|root texture=fibrous;woody
|season quantity=1;2
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed orientation=erect
|seed quantity=1
|seed-coat texture=hard
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
|seed-cone position=axillary
|seed-cone size=reduced
|twig shape=terete
|whole_organism coating=resinous;resinous
|whole_organism duration=evergreen;evergreen
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;tree
|whole_organism odor=aromatic;aromatic
|whole_organism reproduction=monoecious;dioecious;monoecious;dioecious
}}<!--

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