View source for Thalia ← Thalia You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Thalia |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 1193. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 3, 1754 |year=1754 }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Marantaceae;Thalia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Marantaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Thalia]]</div></div> |etymology=For Johann Thal, German physician and botanist who lived during the mid 1500s |volume=Volume 22 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism condition;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>aquatic, upright, often dying back to rhizome in winter [dry season], 1–3.5 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome size;rhizome development;starch function"><b>Rhizome </b>not evidently enlarged or specialized for starch storage.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>unbranched below inflorescence;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="cauline leaf quantity;internode shape">leaves all basal or rarely with single cauline leaf borne above elongate (0.7–2.5 m) internode.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>homotropic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="sheath shape;sheath texture;air prominence;space prominence">sheath not auriculate, spongy, containing prominent air spaces;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade coloration;blade shape">blade plain green, ovate to elliptic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;branch height or length or size;branch orientation;branch shape;branch orientation"><b>Inflorescences </b>branched, branches short and upright to elongate and arching;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">rachis internodes conspicuously zigzagged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract duration;bract life cycle;prophyll life cycle;fruit pubescence;bract position;bract quantity;flower texture">bracts deciduous, both bracts and prophylls falling with flower if fruit not set, leaving proximal portion of rachis bare, each bract subtending 1 flower pair, herbaceous to leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="prophyll shape;prophyll texture">prophylls not evidently keeled, membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="secondary bract presence">secondary bracts absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower coloration"><b>Flowers </b>self-fertilizing [outcrossing], pale to dark purple (corolla and staminodes);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal some measurement;sepal texture">sepals persistent in fruit, 0.5–3 mm, membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="corolla-tube distance;corolla lobe size">corolla-tube 1–6 mm, corolla lobes subequal to strongly unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="outer staminode quantity;outer staminode shape;outer staminode prominence">outer staminode 1, petallike, showy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="staminode pubescence;staminode texture;apical rim size or width;apical rim shape">callose staminode mainly fleshy, narrow apical rim petallike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="appendage quantity">cucullate staminode with 2 appendages, subterminal, fingerlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="staminode shape;staminode position;staminode shape;staminode structure in adjective form;staminode arrangement or course or shape">stylar movement helical when tripped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="style shape;style character or shape;appendage quantity">styles with 1 appendage, elongate, straplike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="fruits capsule architecture;fruits capsule shape;pericarp width;pericarp dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, 1-seeded, nearly globose to ellipsoid, pericarp thin, indehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Seeds </b>dark-brown, nearly globose or ellipsoid, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="perisperm canal quantity;perisperm canal course">perisperm canals 2, curved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="">aril reduced.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="aril size;x chromosome quantity">x = 6.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Warm temperate to tropical regions;se North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (to n Argentina);w Africa |discussion=<p>Thalia is not closely related to any of the other Neotropical genera (L. Andersson 1981), and it is the only genus of Marantaceae that is strictly aquatic. The cucullate staminode bearing two appendages, the helical stylar movement, and the appendaged style are unique within the family. Also unique is the prevalence of various air chambers in the leaf sheath and petiole, a specialization for the aquatic habitat, which gives the sheath its distinctive spongy texture. Dispersal by water is probably the most common means of dispersal: a gas-filled space between the seed and the fruit wall in Thalia makes the fruit buoyant (C. J. Grootjen 1983). Fruits of T. geniculata have also been reported to be eaten by ducks (W. L. McAtee 1915). Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) are reported to pollinate T. geniculata in Costa Rica (T. Hartgerink et. al. 1978) and in cultivation in Asia (R. Classen-Backhoff 1991).</p><!-- --><p>The widely varying chromosome numbers reported for species of Thalia probably represent errors or misinterpretations. Chromosome counts in Marantaceae are difficult, and few taxa have been adequately studied.</p><!-- --><p>Species 6 (2 in the flora).</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=andersson1981b |text=Andersson, L. 1981b. Revision of the Thalia geniculata complex (Marantaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 1: 48--56. Classen- }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=bockhoff1991a |text=Bockhoff, R. 1991. Untersuchungen zur Konstruktion des Bestäubungsapparates Von Thalia geniculata (Marantaceen). Bot. Acta 104: 183--193. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=dressler1987a |text=Dressler, R. L. et al. 1987. Identification Manual for Wetland Plant Species of Florida.... Gainesville. P. 119. Classen- }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=godfrey1979c |text=Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Athens, Ga. Pp. 621--622. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=gris1859a |text=Gris, A. 1859. Observations sur la fleur des Marantées. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 12: 193--219, plates 11--14. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=koechlin1964a |text=Koechlin, J. 1964. Marantacées. In: A. Aubréville and J.-F. Leroy. 1961+. Flore du Gabon. 354+ vols. Paris. Vol. 9, pp. 91--158. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves glabrous adaxially; inflorescences lax, broadly spreading to pendant, paniclelike array; rachis internodes 5–20 mm; bracts not pruinose, green or streaked or tinged with purple |[[Thalia geniculata|Thalia geniculata]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves pilose at base adaxially; inflorescences erect, tightly clustered, compact array; rachis internodes 2–3 mm; bracts markedly pruinose, appearing whitish, red-brown to red-purple beneath waxy coating |[[Thalia dealbata|Thalia dealbata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Thalia |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Marantaceae |distribution=Warm temperate to tropical regions;se North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (to n Argentina);w Africa |reference=andersson1981b;bockhoff1991a;dressler1987a;godfrey1979c;gris1859a;koechlin1964a |publication title=Sp. Pl. |publication year=1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_39.xml |genus=Thalia |air prominence=prominent |apical rim shape=petal-like |apical rim size or width=narrow |appendage quantity=1;2 |aril size=reduced |blade coloration=plain green |blade shape=ovate;elliptic |bract duration=deciduous |bract life cycle=falling |bract position=subtending |bract quantity=1 |bracteole presence=absent |branch height or length or size=short |branch orientation=arching;upright |branch shape=elongate |cauline leaf quantity=single |corolla lobe size=subequal;strongly unequal |corolla-tube distance=1mm;6mm |flower coloration=pale;dark purple |flower reproduction=self-fertilizing |flower texture=herbaceous;leathery |fruit pubescence=bare |fruits capsule architecture=1-seeded |fruits capsule shape=nearly globose;ellipsoid |inflorescence architecture=branched |internode shape=elongate |outer staminode prominence=showy |outer staminode quantity=1 |outer staminode shape=petal-like |pericarp dehiscence=indehiscent |pericarp width=thin |perisperm canal course=curved |perisperm canal quantity=2 |prophyll life cycle=falling |prophyll shape=keeled |prophyll texture=membranous |rhizome development=specialized |rhizome size=enlarged |secondary bract presence=absent |seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |seed coloration=dark-brown |seed shape=ellipsoid;globose |sepal duration=persistent |sepal some measurement=0.5mm;3mm |sepal texture=membranous |sheath shape=not auriculate |sheath texture=spongy |space prominence=prominent |staminode arrangement or course or shape=helical |staminode position=subterminal |staminode pubescence=callose |staminode shape=fingerlike;cucullate |staminode structure in adjective form=stylar |staminode texture=fleshy |starch function=storage |stem architecture=unbranched |style character or shape=straplike |style shape=elongate |whole_organism condition=dying |whole_organism growth form=plant |whole_organism growth form or habitat=aquatic |whole_organism orientation=upright |whole_organism some measurement=1m;3.5m |x chromosome quantity=6 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Marantaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Marantaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Thalia.