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You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Theaceae |accepted_authority=Mirbel |publications= |common_names=Tea Family |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Theaceae |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Theaceae]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 8 |mention_page=page 323 |treatment_page=page 322 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>persistent or deciduous, alternate [spiral or distichous], simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;margin shape;tooth architecture">blade coriaceous or chartaceous, margins toothed [entire], teeth deciduously gland-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower atypical quantity;flower architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, flowers solitary [2–3], bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium hypogynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal atypical quantity;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal fusion;sepal shape;sepal width">sepals [4–] 5 [–14], distinct or connate proximally, concave, relatively thick;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion">petals 5 (–8) [–14], distinct or connate proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="nectary disc presence">nectary disc absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;bundle quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;corolla fusion;corolla fusion;bundle quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;corolla fusion;corolla fusion">stamens (50–) 75–125 (–150), in 1–5 bundles or not bundled, connate proximally or distinct, usually adnate to petals or corolla;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther fixation;anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther dehiscence;slit dehiscence or orientation">anthers versatile [basifixed], 4-locular, dehiscent by longitudinal slits;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils 1, [3–] (4–) 5 (–6) [–10] -carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">ovary superior, [3–] 5 [–10] -locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">placentation primarily (falsely; H. <b>Keng</b> 1952) axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovule orientation;ovule architecture;ovule architecture">ovules anatropous (campylotropous), bitegmic, tenuinucellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="style quantity;style atypical quantity;style quantity;style architecture">styles 1 or 5 [–6], simple [branched];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stigma atypical quantity;stigma quantity;stigma shape">stigmas 1–5 [–7], usually lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit texture;fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, woody, dehiscence loculicidal and septicidal, [rarely irregular or fruits drupaceous].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>2–20, reddish-brown to dark-brown, compressed or lenticular [angular], sometimes winged, (testa vascularized, ± lignified);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="embryo course;embryo course">embryo straight, rarely curved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="endosperm structure in adjective form;endosperm prominence">endosperm nuclear, usually slight.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia |discussion=<p>Genera 9, species ca. 450 (3 genera, 4 species in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Theaceae are found throughout warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests; they are most diverse in the Old World in numbers of genera and species. Each genus is restricted to a single major geographic area (e.g., Asia versus New World tropics) except for Stewartia, with two species found in eastern North America and all other species restricted to Asia.</p><!-- --><p>Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Theaceae should be defined to include only subfamily Theoideae of A. Cronquist (1981). These analyses place Theaceae in Ericales of the Asterid I clade (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998, 2003); identification of the closest relative remains elusive despite the accumulation of many data sets (A. A. Anderberg et al. 2002). The other closely related members of Cronquist’s Theaceae, Ternstroemioideae (Ternstroemiaceae of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 and Anderberg et al.; now Pentaphylacaceae of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003 and J. Schönenberger et al. 2005), do not occur in the flora area. Morphological (H. K. Airy Shaw 1936), developmental (Tsou C. H. 1998), and molecular data (L. M. Prince and C. R. Parks 2001) identify three tribes within Theaceae in the narrow sense. Relationships among the tribes remain unclear, and significant disagreement continues over the circumscription of genera and species (see Prince 2007). Taxonomy here follows Prince and Parks.</p><!-- --><p>There is a rich fossil record for Theaceae, beginning from late Cretaceous through Tertiary. Much of the fossil record was reviewed by P. J. Grote and D. L. Dilcher (1989). Some fossils attributed to Theaceae cannot be positively placed in the family due to poor preservation; care should be taken when considering the literature.</p><!-- --><p>Enough fossil specimens are available to state confidently that Theaceae in the narrow sense were distributed throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Preserved organs include fruits, seeds, leaves (compressions), pollen, wood, and (perhaps) some flowers (amber). The number and distribution of known fossils indicate Theaceae were a conspicuous component of the forests of North America, Europe, and Asia in the past.</p><!-- --><p>Theaceae are economically important, including beverage plants (tea: primarily Camellia sinensis (Linnaeus) Kuntze), cooking oil (C. oleifera), ornamentals (Camellia spp., Franklinia alatamaha, Gordonia lasianthus, Polyspora spp., Schima spp., Stewartia spp.), timber (Polyspora spp., Schima spp.), and potential medicinals (Camellia spp.).</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescence bracts usually persistent; capsules conic, columella absent. |[[Stewartia|Stewartia]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescence bracts deciduous; capsules ovoid or subglobose, columella present |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Pedicels (3-)5-7 cm; sepals persistent; capsule dehiscence loculicidal from apex only; seeds ovoid, apical wing prominent. |[[Gordonia|Gordonia]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Pedicels 0.2-1.5(-4) cm; sepals deciduous; capsule dehiscence loculicidal from apex and septicidal from base; seeds reniform, apical wing relatively narrow or absent. |[[Franklinia|Franklinia]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Theaceae |author=Linda M. Prince |authority=Mirbel |rank=family |parent rank= |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Theaceae |illustrator=Barbara Alongi |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia |reference=None |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_644.xml |androecium position=hypogynous |anther architecture or structure in adjective form=4-locular |anther dehiscence=dehiscent |anther fixation=versatile |blade texture=chartaceous;coriaceous |bundle quantity=1;5 |corolla fusion=adnate;distinct;adnate;distinct |embryo course=curved;straight |endosperm prominence=slight |endosperm structure in adjective form=nuclear |flower architecture=bracteate |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |flower atypical quantity=2;3 |flower reproduction=bisexual |fruit architecture=capsular |fruit dehiscence=septicidal;loculicidal |fruit texture=woody |inflorescence position=axillary |leaf architecture=simple |leaf arrangement=alternate |leaf duration=deciduous;persistent |margin shape=toothed |nectary disc presence=absent |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=[3-]5[-10]-locular |ovary placentation=axile |ovary position=superior |ovule architecture=tenuinucellate;bitegmic |ovule orientation=anatropous |perianth position=hypogynous |petal atypical quantity=5;8 |petal fusion=adnate;distinct;adnate;distinct;connate;distinct |petal quantity=5 |petiole presence=absent |pistil architecture=[3-](4-)5(-6)[-10]-carpellate |pistil quantity=1 |seed architecture=winged |seed coloration=reddish-brown;dark-brown |seed quantity=2;20 |seed shape=lenticular;compressed |sepal atypical quantity=5;14 |sepal fusion=connate;distinct |sepal quantity=5 |sepal shape=concave |sepal width=thick |slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal |stamen atypical quantity=125;150 |stamen quantity=75;125 |stigma atypical quantity=5;7 |stigma quantity=1;5 |stigma shape=lobed |stipule presence=absent |style architecture=simple |style atypical quantity=5;6 |style quantity=5;1 |tooth architecture=gland-tipped |whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub |whole_organism pubescence=hairy;glabrous;hairy;glabrous }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]] Templates used on this page: Theaceae Illustrations (view source) Template:Theaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Return to Theaceae.