View source for Thuidium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Thuidium
|accepted_authority=Schimper in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ.
|place=5: 157, plates 481 – 486. 1852
|year=1852
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Thuidiaceae;Thuidium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Thuidiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Thuidium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Genus Thuja and Latin -idium, diminutive, alluding to branched habit
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 345, 374, 375, 377, 378, 648
|treatment_page=page 380
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>large.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture or shape;stem architecture or shape"><b>Stems </b>creeping to arched-ascending, 2-pinnate or 3-pinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="paraphyllium architecture;paraphyllium shape;paraphyllium architecture">paraphyllia mostly foliose, lanceolate or filiform-branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="axillary hair architecture">axillary hairs 2–6 (–7) -celled.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem-leaf shape"><b>Stem-</b>leaves ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin orientation;margin shape or vernation;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;cell end orientation">margins plane, reflexed, or revolute, papillose-serrulate proximally, often serrulate distally by projecting cell ends;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="">costa ending before apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell relief;papilla shape">laminal cells rounded to oblong-hexagonal, rhombic, or elliptic, coarsely 1-papillose abaxially, papillae sometimes 2-fid, appearing multipapillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="branch leaf shape"><b>Branch </b>leaves ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="margin orientation;margin orientation;margin orientation;margin orientation;margin orientation;margin shape">margins incurved, erect, or recurved, entire to denticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="apex shape">apex usually acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">costa ending before apex, not covered with cells apically;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">laminal cells rounded, hexagonal, elliptic, or oblong-rhombic, 1-papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell relief;laminal cell reproduction;laminal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="perichaetial leaf shape;perichaetial leaf shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief;laminal cell relief">perichaetial leaves lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, margins sometimes ciliate, costa ending near apex, laminal cells smooth or somewhat papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seta relief;seta relief"><b>Seta </b>smooth or rarely papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule architecture or shape"><b>Capsule </b>inclined to horizontal, curved-cylindric, asymmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="annulus architecture or arrangement">annulus 2–4-seriate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum shape;base shape">operculum conic or rostrate from convex-conic base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="endostome segment architecture">endostome segments not perforate, cilia in groups of 2–4.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 230 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Thuidium is characterized by abundant, 2- or 3-pinnate paraphyllia; dioicous sexuality; dimorphic stem and branch leaves with short, thick-walled cells that are papillose abaxially and nearly always 1-papillose; stem leaves with base ± plicate and laminal cells ± uniform; apical cells of branch leaves usually truncate and multipapillose; and setae nearly always smooth. The capsule is smooth, with a short neck. The genus is treated here in a sense exclusive of Abietinella, Cyrto-hypnum, and Rauiella (see W. R. Buck and H. A. Crum 1990). Abietinella is relatively robust and has 1-pinnate branching, abundant paraphyllia, dioicous inflorescences, laminal cells 1-papillose on both surfaces, and 3- or 4-celled, brown axillary hairs. Cyrto-hypnum and Rauiella are small with autoicous inflorescences, paraphyllia short and not much branched, and laminal cells papillose on both surfaces (most commonly multipapillose). Cyrto-hypnum has mostly 2-pinnate branching, 2-celled axillary hairs, leaves incurved when dry, laminal cells plane, and setae often roughened. Rauiella has 1-pinnate branching, 3-celled axillary hairs, leaves not incurved when dry, strongly bulging laminal cells, and smooth setae.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems usually 3-pinnate; branch leaf apical cell acute, smooth.
|[[Thuidium tamariscinum|Thuidium tamariscinum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems usually 2-pinnate; branch leaf apical cell truncate, multipapillose
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stem leaves incurved basally and spreading apically when dry, distinctly plicate; costae nearly filling acumen; paraphyllia papillose at cell ends.
|[[Thuidium recognitum|Thuidium recognitum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stem leaves ± erect when dry, not or somewhat plicate; costae not filling acumen; paraphyllia papillose at sides of cells or cell ends
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stem leaf apices short-pointed; margins plane or sometimes reflexed basally; distal laminal cells appearing 1-3-papillose because papillae 2-fid.
|[[Thuidium alleniorum|Thuidium alleniorum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stem leaf apices acuminate; margins revolute throughout; laminal cells coarsely 1-papillose, not appearing multipapillose, papillae sometimes 2-fid.
|[[Thuidium delicatulum|Thuidium delicatulum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Thuidium
|author=Howard A. Crum†
|authority=Schimper in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Thuidiaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ.
|publication year=1852
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_597.xml
|genus=Thuidium
|annulus architecture or arrangement=2-4-seriate
|apex shape=acute
|axillary hair architecture=2-6(-7)-celled
|base shape=convex-conic
|branch leaf shape=ovate
|capsule architecture or shape=asymmetric
|capsule orientation=inclined;horizontal
|capsule shape=curved-cylindric
|cell end orientation=projecting
|endostome segment architecture=not perforate
|laminal cell architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|laminal cell relief=papillose;1-papillose;1-papillose
|laminal cell reproduction=dioicous;sexual
|laminal cell shape=oblong-rhombic;elliptic;oblong-rhombic;elliptic;hexagonal;rounded;rounded;oblong-hexagonal rhombic or elliptic
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|margin architecture or shape=serrulate;papillose-serrulate
|margin orientation=recurved;erect;recurved;erect;incurved;reflexed
|margin shape=entire;denticulate
|margin shape or vernation=revolute
|operculum shape=rostrate;conic
|papilla shape=2-fid
|paraphyllium architecture=filiform-branched;foliose
|paraphyllium shape=lanceolate
|perichaetial leaf shape=ovatelanceolate;lanceolate
|seta relief=papillose;smooth
|stem architecture or shape=3-pinnate;2-pinnate
|stem orientation=creeping;arched-ascending
|stem-leaf shape=ovate
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism size=large
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Thuidiaceae]]