View source for Tiarella

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tiarella
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 405. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 190. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Foamflower;tiarelle;Latin tiara;turban;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Saxifragaceae;Tiarella
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Saxifragaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tiarella]]</div></div>
|etymology=ella, diminutive, alluding to capsule shape
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 43, 44, 45, 46, 85, 108, 115
|treatment_page=page 114
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>(often evergreen), rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="caudex growth form or orientation;caudex architecture or pubescence">caudex creeping, scaly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="flowering-stem orientation;flowering-stem architecture;flowering-stem some measurement;flowering-stem size or length;flowering-stem architecture;bract quantity;bract architecture"><b>Flowering-</b>stems erect, usually leafless, rarely with 1–2 leafy bracts, 10–70 cm, short to long glandular-stipitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>in basal rosette and, sometimes, cauline, simple or 3-foliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole height or length or size;petiole pubescence">petiole short to long-stipitate-glandular (hairs usually denser distally, gland-tipped);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;margin shape;apex shape;abaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface fixation or orientation">blade cordate or broadly ovate, lobed, base cordate, margins crenate to dentate, apex acute, abaxial surface stipitate-glandular along veins, adaxial surface stipitate-glandular, sometimes appressed, hairs uniformly scattered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="hair arrangement;hair architecture">venation palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;raceme position or structure subtype;raceme architecture;raceme architecture;panicle position or structure subtype;panicle architecture;panicle architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes (sometimes with paniculate branches at base) or panicles, terminal from axillary buds in rosette, 15–70-flowered, bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture or shape;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>radially symmetric or somewhat bilaterally symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium fusion;hypanthium some measurement;hypanthium fusion;hypanthium coloration;hypanthium coloration">hypanthium barely adnate to ovary proximally, 0.2–0.9 mm free from ovary, white or pinkish, (campanulate);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal coloration;sepal coloration">sepals 5, whitish or pinkish, (ovate to lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, glandular-stipitate abaxially, glabrous adaxially);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration">petals 5, white or pinkish to purplish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nectary disc presence;nectary disc prominence">nectary disc absent or inconspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 10;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="filament arrangement or course or shape">filaments linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary superior, 1-locular, carpels connate, unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="carpel fusion;carpel size;carpel placentation">placentation parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style quantity">styles 2, (tapering);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="capsule architecture;capsule arrangement or dehiscence;abaxial carpel length or size"><b>Capsules </b>2-winged (beaked), unequally valvate, abaxial carpel 1.5–2 times longer than adaxial carpel, (papery, each wing 5–10-veined).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>black, shiny, ellipsoid or ovoid, (base truncate), puncticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="">(funicular appendage absent).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="seed coloration;seed reflectance;seed shape;seed shape;seed coloration or relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Intergeneric hybrids between Tiarella cordifolia and species of Heuchera and Mitella have been documented. Tiarella is placed within the Heuchera group of the Saxifragaceae. Based on cpDNA and other cytological traits, this is one of the best-defined groups of the Saxifragaceae. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data for the Heuchera group suggest the group as being paraphyletic. Tiarella cordifolia is known from eastern North America and T. trifoliata is known from western North America. Tiarella polyphylla D. Don occurs in Asia in the Himalayas through western and central China to Japan and Taiwan. Tiarella is used as a diuretic as well as for suppression of urine production and in treating kidney stones.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences racemes; leaves simple; cauline leaves absent or 1; petals oblanceolate to elliptic, apex 3-toothed; e North America.
|[[Tiarella cordifolia|Tiarella cordifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences panicles; leaves simple or trifoliolate; cauline leaves 1-5; petals linear or subulate, apex attenuate; w North America.
|[[Tiarella trifoliata|Tiarella trifoliata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tiarella
|author=Suneeti Jog
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Saxifragaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_225.xml
|genus=Tiarella
|abaxial carpel length or size=1.5-2 times longer than adaxial carpel
|abaxial surface pubescence=stipitate-glandular
|adaxial surface fixation or orientation=appressed
|adaxial surface pubescence=stipitate-glandular
|apex shape=acute
|base shape=cordate
|blade shape=lobed;ovate;cordate
|bract architecture=leafy
|bract quantity=1;2
|capsule architecture=2-winged
|capsule arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
|carpel fusion=connate
|carpel placentation=parietal
|carpel size=unequal
|caudex architecture or pubescence=scaly
|caudex growth form or orientation=creeping
|filament arrangement or course or shape=linear
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric;symmetric
|flowering-stem architecture=glandular-stipitate;leafless
|flowering-stem orientation=erect
|flowering-stem size or length=short to long
|flowering-stem some measurement=10cm;70cm
|hair architecture=palmate
|hair arrangement=scattered
|hypanthium coloration=pinkish;white
|hypanthium fusion=free;adnate
|hypanthium some measurement=0.2mm;0.9mm
|inflorescence architecture=bracteate;15-70-flowered
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf architecture=3-foliolate;simple
|leaf position=cauline
|margin shape=crenate;dentate
|nectary disc presence=absent
|nectary disc prominence=inconspicuous
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary position=superior
|panicle architecture=bracteate;15-70-flowered
|panicle position or structure subtype=terminal
|petal coloration=pinkish;purplish
|petal quantity=5
|petiole height or length or size=short
|petiole pubescence=long-stipitate-glandular
|raceme architecture=bracteate;15-70-flowered
|raceme position or structure subtype=terminal
|seed coloration=black
|seed coloration or relief=puncticulate
|seed reflectance=shiny
|seed shape=ovoid;ellipsoid
|sepal coloration=pinkish;whitish
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen quantity=10
|stigma quantity=2
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=2
|whole_organism architecture=stoloniferous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

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