View source for Tolmiea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tolmiea
|accepted_authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. N. Amer.
|place=1: 582. 1840, name conserved ,
}}
|common_names=Pig-a-back plant
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Saxifragaceae;Tolmiea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Saxifragaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tolmiea]]</div></div>
|etymology=For William F. Tolmie, 1812–1886, surgeon for Hudson’s Bay Company at Fort Vancouver
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 43, 44, 45, 46, 108, 109
|treatment_page=page 107
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> rhizomatous, not stoloniferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome architecture;rhizome architecture or pubescence">rhizomes sometimes branched, scaly;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="caudex architecture or shape;leaf-base duration">caudex not cormlike, with persistent leaf-bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="flowering-stem orientation;flowering-stem architecture;flowering-stem some measurement;flowering-stem height or length or size;flowering-stem pubescence"><b>Flowering-</b>stems erect, leafy, 2.5–70 cm, sparsely to moderately, short to long-stipitate-glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>in basal rosette and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="cauline leaf size;shoot reproduction">cauline leaves reduced distally, vegetative shoots sometimes from axillary buds of cauline leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petiole pubescence">petiole stipitate-glandular, (adventitious-buds usually produced at apices of petioles of rosette and cauline leaves, sometimes forming plantlets);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;base shape;ultimate margin architecture or shape;ultimate margin shape or architecture;ultimate margin architecture or shape;apex shape">blade ovate, shallowly 5–9-lobed, base cordate, ultimate margins strongly to obscurely, irregularly serrate to nearly dentate, each tooth ending in glandular hair, apex acute (rarely obtuse), surfaces subglabrous to stipitate-glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface architecture">venation palmate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="inflorescences raceme architecture;inflorescences raceme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes, from axillary buds in rosette, 10–150-flowered, bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture or shape">(Pedicels with subtending bracts.) Flowers bilaterally symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="hypanthium fusion;hypanthium fusion;hypanthium coloration">hypanthium adnate to ovary only at base for less than 1 mm (ovary appearing superior), free from ovary for 4–5 mm, greenish, ± split to base, (cylindric-funnelform);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal coloration">sepals (persistent), 5, green with variable development of red-purple stripes, (unequal, slightly gibbous at base, stipitate-glandular, 3 dorsal sepals ovate to elliptic-triangular, apex obtuse to rounded-mucronate, 2 ventral-lateral sepals narrowly ovate-triangular to oblong-triangular, apex acute to acuminate);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration">petals 4, (recurved), greenish to brown-purple, (± linear);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="nectariferous tissue position">nectariferous tissue proximal to stamens;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 3, (inserted at apex of hypanthium opposite dorsal sepals, slightly exserted);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="filament shape">filaments filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary superior, 1-locular, (oblong, turbinate, apex 2-cleft, stipitate-glandular), carpels connate proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="carpel fusion;carpel placentation">placentation parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="style quantity">styles 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="capsule architecture or shape"><b>Capsules </b>2-beaked, (ovoid, turbinate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>brown to nearly black, subglobose, distinctly muricate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=nw North America
|discussion=<p>Species 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Although morphologically similar, as reviewed by D. E. Soltis et al. (2007), diploid and tetraploid Tolmiea each meets the criteria for all of the commonly used species concepts: they are reproductively isolated, so they are biological species; they are distinct evolutionary lineages, so the two cytotypes meet the expectations of the evolutionary species concept; each is monophyletic, so both can be considered phylogenetic (apomorphic) species; they are diagnosable on the basis of chromosome number and molecular characters, thus fitting the phylogenetic/diagnosability species concept; and morphological characters distinguish the two cytotypes (although these may be considered cryptic by some), hence they are taxonomic species.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cauline leaves not or only slightly longer than wide, i.e., length-width quotient usually 0.6-1.1 (average 0.9, excluding length of basal lobes); plantlets frequently formed.
|[[Tolmiea menziesii|Tolmiea menziesii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cauline leaves distinctly longer than wide, i.e., length-width quotient 0.8-1.4 (average 1, excluding length of basal lobes); plantlets on leaves sporadically produced.
|[[Tolmiea diplomenziesii|Tolmiea diplomenziesii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tolmiea
|author=Douglas E. Soltis;Walter S. Judd;Pamela S. Soltis;Patrick E. Elvander†
|authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Saxifragaceae
|distribution=nw North America
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. N. Amer.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_212.xml
|genus=Tolmiea
|apex shape=acute
|base shape=cordate
|blade shape=5-9-lobed;ovate
|capsule architecture or shape=2-beaked
|carpel fusion=connate
|carpel placentation=parietal
|caudex architecture or shape=not cormlike
|cauline leaf size=reduced
|filament shape=filiform
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flowering-stem architecture=leafy
|flowering-stem height or length or size=short
|flowering-stem orientation=erect
|flowering-stem pubescence=long-stipitate-glandular
|flowering-stem some measurement=2.5cm;70cm
|hypanthium coloration=greenish
|hypanthium fusion=free;adnate
|inflorescences raceme architecture=bracteate;10-150-flowered
|leaf position=cauline
|leaf-base duration=persistent
|nectariferous tissue position=proximal
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary position=superior
|petal coloration=greenish;brown-purple
|petal quantity=4
|petiole pubescence=stipitate-glandular
|rhizome architecture=branched
|rhizome architecture or pubescence=scaly
|seed coloration=brown;nearly black
|seed relief=muricate
|seed shape=subglobose
|sepal coloration=green
|sepal quantity=5
|shoot reproduction=vegetative
|stamen quantity=3
|stigma quantity=2
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=2
|surface architecture=palmate
|surface pubescence=subglabrous;stipitate-glandular
|ultimate margin architecture or shape=dentate;serrate
|ultimate margin shape or architecture=serrate to nearly
|whole_organism architecture=not stoloniferous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

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