View source for Tradescantia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tradescantia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 288. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 139, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Spiderwort;wandering-Jew;spider-lily;éphémères
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rhoeo
|authority=Hance
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Setcreasea
|authority=Schumann & Sydow
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Zebrina
|authority=Schnizlein
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Commelinaceae;Tradescantia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Commelinaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tradescantia]]</div></div>
|etymology=for John Tradescant, gardener to Charles I of England
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 173
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root width;root architecture"><b>Roots </b>thin or tuberous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>spirally arranged or 2-ranked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade architecture;blade architecture">blade sessile or rarely petiolate [petiolate].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;cyme architecture;cyme shape;cyme condition or size;bract architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or terminal and axillary, pairs of cymes, cymes sessile, umbellike, contracted, subtended by spathaceous bract;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin variability;margin fusion">bract similar to leaves or differentiated, margins distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bracteole duration">bracteoles persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel height or length or size;pedicel development">pedicels very short or well developed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal fusion;sepal size">sepals distinct (basally connate in T. zebrina), subequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal variability;petal shape">petals distinct (rarely connate basally), white to pink, blue, or violet, equal, rarely clawed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen reproduction;stamen variability">stamens 6, all fertile, equal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament pubescence;filament pubescence">filaments bearded or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity;ovule architecture or arrangement">ovary 3-locular, ovules (1–) 2 per locule, 1-seriate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="capsule architecture;capsule architecture or structure in adjective form"><b>Capsules </b>3-valved, 3-locular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>2 per locule (1 in T. spathacea);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="hilum shape">hilum oblong to linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="">embryotega abaxial to lateral.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="embryotegum position;x chromosome quantity">x = 6–8, probably others.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Neotemperate and neotropical
|discussion=<p>The species described by E. Anderson and R. E. Woodson Jr. (1935) are narrowly defined and typological. Nevertheless, they are recognizable entities even if some of them may prove eventually unworthy of specific rank. Where specific problems have been recognized, they are noted in the discussions at the end of the species.</p><!--
--><p>Tradescantia species hybridize freely when growing together (E. Anderson and R. E. Woodson Jr. 1935). My observations in the field and garden tend to confirm this. The definite or probable hybrids are listed after the species. The list is almost certainly incomplete. The questionable records are based on uncertain determinations. The record of a possible hybrid between T. ohiensis and Callisia rosea (as Cuthbertia rosea), cited by Anderson and Woodson, is omitted: the specimens appear to be merely gracile plants of T. ohiensis. Some native species are occasionally cultivated, although most garden plants seem to be hybrids of T. virginiana and other species (E. Anderson 1952). They are usually sold as Tradescantia × andersoniana (an invalid name) followed by a cultivar epithet.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 70 (30 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=anderson1935a
|text=Anderson, E. and R. E. Woodson Jr. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Contr. Arnold Arbor. 9: 1--132.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=anderson1936a
|text=Anderson, E. and K. Sax. 1936. A cytological monograph of the American species of Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz. 97: 433--476.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=anderson1954a
|text=Anderson, E. 1954. A field survey of chromosome numbers in the species of Tradescantia closely related to Tradescantia virginiana. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 41: 305--327.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hunt1980a
|text=Hunt, D. R. 1980. Sections and series in Tradescantia. American Commelinaceae: IX. Kew Bull. 35: 437--442.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=macroberts1980a
|text=MacRoberts, D. T. 1980. Notes on Tradescantia (Commelinaceae) V. Tradescantia of Louisiana. Bull. Mus. Life Sci. Louisiana State Univ. 4: 1--15.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sinclair1967a
|text=Sinclair, C. 1967. Studies on the Erect Tradescantias. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers subsessile; petals clawed, claws connate at least basally; stamens epipetalous.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers distinctly pedicellate; petals neither clawed nor connate; stamens free.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves 2-ranked, bases oblique, cuneate; blade usually variegated; sepals connate basally
|[[Tradescantia zebrina|Tradescantia zebrina]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves spirally arranged, bases symmetric, rounded to broadly cuneate; blade not variegated; sepals distinct.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate; stamen filaments glabrous
|[[Tradescantia leiandra|Tradescantia leiandra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic or ovate, apex obtuse to abruptly acute-apiculate; stamen filaments glabrous or bearded.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, mostly 7–15 cm; peduncle (3.5–)4–13 cm; leaves usually purplish violet
|[[Tradescantia pallida|Tradescantia pallida]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate, mostly 3–7 cm; peduncle 1–5(–6) cm; leaves green.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Filaments and ovary glabrous; flowering June to October
|[[Tradescantia brevifolia|Tradescantia brevifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Filaments bearded, ovary densely bearded; flowering February to May
|[[Tradescantia buckleyi|Tradescantia buckleyi]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sprawling to decumbent plants rooting at nodes; leaves lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic or lanceolate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Erect or ascending plants, rarely rooting at nodes; leaves mostly linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves lanceolate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, to 5  2 cm; cyme pairs usually 1–2 per shoot; bracts all or mostly foliaceous, occasionally reduced
|[[Tradescantia fluminensis|Tradescantia fluminensis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves lanceolate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, to 10  3.5 cm; cyme pairs 2–4 per shoot; bracts, especially those of axillary inflorescences, usually reduced
|[[Tradescantia crassula|Tradescantia crassula]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences all or chiefly axillary.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences terminal, commonly terminal and axillary.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Inflorescences pedunculate in axils well proximal to shoot apex, enclosed in boat-shaped spathes; leaves glabrous; flowers white
|[[Tradescantia spathacea|Tradescantia spathacea]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Inflorescences mostly sessile in axils of distal leaves; boat-shaped spathes absent; leaves usually arachnoid-villous; flowers blue to purple
|[[Tradescantia crassifolia|Tradescantia crassifolia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Distal leaf blades wider than opened, flattened sheaths.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Distal leaf blades equal to or narrower than opened, flattened sheaths.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Pedicels 1–1.7 cm; proximal leaves petiolate; stems frequently flexuous; plants flowering mainly May–Sep
|[[Tradescantia subaspera|Tradescantia subaspera]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Pedicels (1.5–)2–3.2 cm; proximal leaves narrowed directly into sheath; stems not flexuous; plants flowering mainly Feb–May.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Sepals 9–16 mm, ± inflated, eglandular-pilose; flowers usually deep blue, purple, or rose-red
|[[Tradescantia ernestiana|Tradescantia ernestiana]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Sepals 6–12 mm, not inflated, glandular-pilose or mixed glandular- and eglandular-pubescent; flowers usually white or pale pink to pale lavender.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves not glaucous; capsules 8–10 mm
|[[Tradescantia edwardsiana|Tradescantia edwardsiana]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves ± glaucous; capsules 6–8 mm
|[[Tradescantia ozarkana|Tradescantia ozarkana]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Sepals glabrous or with eglandular hairs only (very rarely a few minute glandular hairs at base).
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Sepals pubescent with glandular and often eglandular hairs.
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Sepals glabrous (or with apical tuft of eglandular hairs or a few minute glandular hairs at base).
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Sepals covered with eglandular hairs.
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Stems 5–18 cm; pedicels, sepal bases often with minute glandular hairs; petals 10 mm
|[[Tradescantia wrightii|Tradescantia wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Stems 15–115 cm; pedicels glabrous; sepals glabrous or with apical tuft of eglandular hairs; petals usually 0.8–20 mm.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Plants distinctly glaucous; leaves 5–45 cm, arcuate, forming acute angle with stem (also see Tradescantia occidentalis var. scopulorum)
|[[Tradescantia ohiensis|Tradescantia ohiensis]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Plants not at all to slightly glaucous; leaves 4–11 cm, straight, forming nearly right angle with stem
|[[Tradescantia paludosa|Tradescantia paludosa]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Bracts saccate at base, blades reduced, densely, minutely velvety.
|[[Tradescantia gigantea|Tradescantia gigantea]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Bracts not saccate at base, blades well developed, sparsely to densely pilose.
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Flowering stems 2–7 cm (elongating to 20 cm in fruit), pilose to villous; sepals purple or rose-colored (rarely pale green), not inflated; rocky prairies
|[[Tradescantia tharpii|Tradescantia tharpii]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Flowering stems 5–50 cm, glabrous to pilose or hirsute; sepals various; habitat various but rarely rocky prairies.
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Roots (1.5–)2–4 mm thick; stems commonly glabrous proximal to inflorescence; sepals usually ± inflated; ne and Appalachian
|[[Tradescantia virginiana|Tradescantia virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Roots 1–1.5(–2) mm thick; stems usually pilose to hirsute throughout; sepals not inflated; se
|[[Tradescantia hirsutiflora|Tradescantia hirsutiflora]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Pedicels 0.8–1 cm, glandular-puberulent; sepals 4–6 mm; petals 9–12 mm; hilum much shorter than seed
|[[Tradescantia pinetorum|Tradescantia pinetorum]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Pedicels (0.8–)1–6 cm, glandular- or eglandular-pubescent; sepals (4–)6–16 mm; petals (6–)10–19 mm; hilum as long as seed.
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Sepals with mostly glandular pubescence.
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Sepals with mixture of glandular, eglandular pubescence.
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Internodes and leaves glabrous
|[[Tradescantia occidentalis|Tradescantia occidentalis]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Internodes pubescent (rarely glabrous in Tradescantia roseolens)
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Pedicels 1–2.8 cm; roots all thin and fibrous; South Carolina to Florida and Alabama
|[[Tradescantia roseolens|Tradescantia roseolens]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Pedicels 2.5–4.5 cm; at least some roots thick and tuberous; Texas
|[[Tradescantia pedicellata|Tradescantia pedicellata]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Stems, leaves completely glabrous; plants glaucous; sepal hairs mainly glandular (also see Tradescantia roseolens).
|[[Tradescantia occidentalis|Tradescantia occidentalis]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Stems, leaves usually sparsely to densely pubescent, if glabrous then sepal hairs mainly eglandular; plants usually not glaucous (somewhat glaucous in T. roseolens); sepal hairs various.
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Stems densely arachnoid-pubescent; roots thick, brownish-tomentose.
|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Stems variously pubescent but not arachnoid-pubescent; roots various but not brownish-tomentose.
|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Stems erect or ascending, unbranched or sparsely branched, 30–105 cm
|[[Tradescantia reverchonii|Tradescantia reverchonii]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Stems spreading, diffusely branched, 10–30 cm.
|[[Tradescantia subacaulis|Tradescantia subacaulis]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Plants diffuse, spreading; stems much branched.
|[[Tradescantia humilis|Tradescantia humilis]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Plants erect or ascending; stems unbranched or sparsely branched.
|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Sepal hairs mainly eglandular, glandular hairs few, inconspicuous
|[[Tradescantia hirsutiflora|Tradescantia hirsutiflora]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Sepal hairs mainly glandular or eglandular, glandular hairs numerous, conspicuous.
|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Sepals puberulent, hairs all less than 1 mm; roots relatively thin, 0.5–1(–2) mm thick
|[[Tradescantia roseolens|Tradescantia roseolens]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Sepals pilose-puberulent, longer hairs 1.5–6 mm; roots relatively stout, 1–3 mm thick.
|[[#key-0-31| > 31]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Plants bright green; stems, leaves usually glabrous
|[[Tradescantia bracteata|Tradescantia bracteata]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Plants dull green; stems, leaves usually pubescent (rarely glabrescent).
|[[#key-0-32| > 32]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Stems (2–)15–40 cm; pedicels 1.5–3.5 cm; leaves, bracts puberulent, usually sparsely to densely pilose, margins ± densely ciliolate
|[[Tradescantia hirsuticaulis|Tradescantia hirsuticaulis]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Stems 2–10 cm; pedicels (2–)4–6 cm; leaves, bracts pilose but not puberulent, margins sparsely ciliate
|[[Tradescantia longipes|Tradescantia longipes]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tradescantia
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Rhoeo;Setcreasea;Zebrina
|basionyms=
|family=Commelinaceae
|distribution=Neotemperate and neotropical
|reference=anderson1935a;anderson1936a;anderson1954a;hunt1980a;macroberts1980a;sinclair1967a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_194.xml
|genus=Tradescantia
|blade architecture=petiolate;sessile
|bract architecture=spathaceous
|bracteole duration=persistent
|capsule architecture=3-valved
|capsule architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|cyme architecture=sessile
|cyme condition or size=contracted
|cyme shape=umbel-like
|embryotegum position=abaxial;lateral
|filament pubescence=glabrous;bearded
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|hilum shape=oblong;linear
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal;terminal
|leaf arrangement=2-ranked;arranged
|margin fusion=distinct
|margin variability=differentiated
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovule architecture or arrangement=1-seriate
|ovule atypical quantity=1;2
|ovule quantity=2
|pedicel development=developed
|pedicel height or length or size=short
|petal coloration=white;pink blue or violet
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal shape=clawed
|petal variability=equal
|root architecture=tuberous
|root width=thin
|seed quantity=2
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal size=subequal
|stamen quantity=6
|stamen reproduction=fertile
|stamen variability=equal
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=6;8
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Commelinaceae]]