View source for Triphora

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Triphora
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|place=2: 192. 1818
|year=1818
}}
|common_names=Three-birds orchid
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae;Triphora
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Triphora]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek tri, 3-fold, and phoros, bearing, possibly in reference to the few-flowered inflorescence or the 3 crests on the lip of the type species
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 494, 497
|treatment_page=page 592
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism habitat;whole_organism nutrition;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial, apparently epiphytic in one species, photosynthetic to mycotrophic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root texture;root quantity;root shape"><b>Roots </b>fleshy, with a few filiform roots from stem base, some terminating in tuberoids.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem shape;stem texture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, usually simple, terete, succulent, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf quantity;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf pubescence;leaf architecture;leaf architecture;stem architecture or fixation"><b>Leaves </b>1–10, alternate and distichous, or solitary at midstem, without stipules, glabrous, sessile, not articulate, clasping stem;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade size;bract architecture or shape">blade lanceovate to ovate, or reduced to sheathing bracts.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;flower position;flower position;flower arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, solitary or 1–10-flowered racemes, flowers axillary or terminal, arrangement spiral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="floral bract shape;floral bract architecture">floral bracts consisting of smaller proximalmost leaves, ovate to cordate, foliose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower orientation;flower orientation;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>resupinate or not, short-pedicellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal fusion;sepal fusion;petal fusion;petal fusion">sepals and petals distinct and free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="dorsal sepal shape">dorsal sepal lanceolate to oblanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape">lateral sepals lanceolate, slightly falcate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal shape">petals linearlanceolate to lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lip shape;lip shape">lip clawed, 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="line quantity;crest quantity">disc with 3 lines or crests;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="column size;column some measurement;column architecture">column slender, 5–10 mm, footless;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther orientation;anther coloration;anther coloration;anther architecture;anther architecture;anther texture">anther erect, white or pale green (with magenta margins in Triphora trianthophora), short-stalked, not articulate, rigid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pollinium quantity">pollinia 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pollen pubescence or texture;pollen pubescence or texture">pollen in tetrads, soft, mealy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="ovary shape;ovary size">ovary fusiform, slender;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stigma position;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma proximal to anther, entire or 2-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="rostellum architecture;rostellum presence">rostellum simple or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="fruits capsule orientation;fruits capsule orientation;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;low quantity;keel size or width"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, erect or pendent, ellipsoid-ovoid or obovoid, with 6 low, narrow keels.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=e North America;West Indies;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Most species of Triphora exist in small, scattered populations and exhibit synchronous, ephemeral flowering; flowers last only one day. Synchrony enhances the chances for fertilization. Isolated flowers are rarely fertilized.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers not resupinate, lip facing stem at anthesis, always erect; column yellowish.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers resupinate, lip facing away from stem at anthesis, erect or nodding; column white or pale green.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves bractlike, ascending, usually partially sheathing stem; inflorescences corymbose racemes.
|[[Triphora gentianoides|Triphora gentianoides]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves not bractlike, diverging at ± right angles from stem; inflorescences racemes, not corymbose.
|[[Triphora yucatanensis|Triphora yucatanensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves deep purple abaxially, often faded on dried specimens, ovate to cordate, not reniform; flowers 1–3; lip white with irregular purple spots, disc with 3 parallel white longitudinal crests, not papillose; pollinia yellow.
|[[Triphora craigheadii|Triphora craigheadii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves green to yellow-green on both surfaces, sometimes veined with purple abaxially, broadly ovate to nearly reniform; flowers 1–6; lip white, disc with 3 green longitudinal crests, papillose; pollinia yellow or magenta.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers (1–)3–6(–20), lip crests bright green; leaves ovate; pollinia magenta.subsp. trianthophoros
|[[Triphora trianthophoros|Triphora trianthophoros]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers 1, lip crests pale green; leaves broadly ovate to reniform; pollinia yellow.
|[[Triphora amazonica|Triphora amazonica]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Triphora
|author=Max E. Medley
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=e North America;West Indies;Central America;South America
|reference=None
|publication title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|publication year=1818
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_1208.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae
|genus=Triphora
|anther architecture=not articulate;short-stalked
|anther coloration=pale green;white
|anther orientation=erect
|anther texture=rigid
|blade shape=lanceovate;ovate
|blade size=reduced
|bract architecture or shape=sheathing
|column architecture=footless
|column size=slender
|column some measurement=5mm;10mm
|crest quantity=3
|dorsal sepal shape=lanceolate;oblanceolate
|floral bract architecture=foliose
|floral bract shape=ovate;cordate
|flower architecture=short-pedicellate
|flower arrangement=spiral
|flower orientation=not;resupinate
|flower position=terminal;axillary
|fruits capsule orientation=pendent;erect
|fruits capsule shape=obovoid;ellipsoid-ovoid
|inflorescence architecture=1-10-flowered;solitary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|keel size or width=narrow
|lateral sepal shape=falcate;lanceolate
|leaf architecture=not articulate;sessile
|leaf arrangement=solitary;distichous;solitary;distichous;alternate
|leaf pubescence=glabrous
|leaf quantity=1;10
|line quantity=3
|lip shape=3-lobed;clawed
|low quantity=6
|ovary shape=fusiform
|ovary size=slender
|petal fusion=free;distinct
|petal shape=lanceolate
|pollen pubescence or texture=mealy;soft
|pollinium quantity=2
|root quantity=few
|root shape=filiform
|root texture=fleshy
|rostellum architecture=simple
|rostellum presence=absent
|sepal fusion=free;distinct
|stem architecture=simple
|stem architecture or fixation=clasping
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem shape=terete
|stem texture=succulent
|stigma position=proximal
|stigma shape=2-lobed;entire
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial
|whole_organism habitat=epiphytic
|whole_organism nutrition=photosynthetic;mycotrophic
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae tribe Triphoreae]]