View source for Trisetum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trisetum
|accepted_authority=Pers.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Trisetum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trisetum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 744
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form">sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes cespitose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm pubescence;culm pubescence;culm position;culm architecture;culm position"><b>Culms </b>5-150 cm, glabrous or pubescent, basal branching extravaginal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath fusion"><b>Sheaths </b>open the entire length or fused at the base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule architecture or relief;ligule shape;ligule pubescence">ligules membranous, often erose to lacerate, sometimes ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape">blades rolled in the bud.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence density;inflorescence shape"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles, open and diffuse to dense and spikelike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="branch pubescence or relief">branches antrorsely scabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="spikelet some measurement;spikelet architecture;spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;floret quantity;floret size;floret presence"><b>Spikelets </b>2.5-12 mm, usually subsessile to pedicellate, rarely sessile, laterally compressed, with 2-5 florets, reduced florets sometimes present distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="rachilla pubescence;distal floret reproduction">rachillas hairy, internodes evident, prolonged beyond the base of the distal bisexual florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="internode prominence;internode length">disarticulation usually initially above the glumes and beneath the florets, subsequently below the glumes, in some species initially below the glumes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="glume size;glume size;keel pubescence or relief;apex shape;apex architecture or shape"><b>Glumes </b>subequal or unequal, keels scabrous, apices usually acute, unawned, often apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="lower glume architecture">lower glumes 1 (3) -veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="upper glume architecture;lateral-vein quantity">upper glumes 3 (5) -veined, lateral-veins less than 1/2 the glume length;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="callus pubescence">calluses hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="lemma architecture;margin coloration;margin architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape">lemmas 3-7-veined, margins hyaline, unawned or awned from above the middle with a single awn, apices usually bifid, sometimes entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="palea size;palea texture;palea architecture;tip architecture">paleas from subequal to longer than the lemmas, membranous, 2-veined, veins usually extending as bristlelike tips;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, shallowly and usually slenderly lobed to fimbriate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="ovary pubescence;ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous or pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="style quantity">styles 2.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="caryopse height or length or size;caryopse prominence;caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse coloration"><b>Caryopses </b>shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, elongate-fusiform, compressed, brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="embryo arrangement or shape;embryo quantity">embryos elliptic, to 1/3 the length of the caryopses;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="endosperm coloration;x chromosome quantity">endosperm milky, x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;Vt.;Wash.;Colo.;N.J.;Wis.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Tenn.;N.Y.;Pa.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Calif.;Nev.;Va.;Alaska;Ariz.;Idaho;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;R.I.;Kans.;Mont.;Miss.;Oreg.
|discussion=<p>Trisetum, a genus of approximately 75 species, occurs primarily in temperate, subarctic, and alpine regions. Eight species are native to the Flora region; two have been introduced, one of which is not known to have persisted. Trisetum usually differs from Sphenopholis in having longer awns that are inserted lower on the lemmas, and spikelets that disarticulate above the glumes. It differs from Deschampsia primarily in its more acute, bifid lemmas. In addition, all species of Trisetum have awns that are inserted at or above the midpoint of the lemmas; in Deschampsia, the awns are usually inserted at or below midlength, often near the base.</p><!--
--><p>Trisetum spicatum is important as forage on native rangelands. Like other species of the genus, it is a significant component of natural food pyramids, especially in arctic and alpine regions and mountain parks. Trisetum flavescens was introduced from Europe as a pasture grass; T. interruptum is often weedy.</p><!--
--><p>Spikelet measurements do not include the awns.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=dixon1995a
|text=Dixon, J.M. 1995. Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. (T. pratense Pers., Avena flavescens L.). J. Ecol. 83:895-909
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hitchcock1951a
|text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hulten1959b
|text=Hulten, E. 1959. The Trisetum spicatum complex. Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 53:203-228
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=knot2004a
|text=Knot, V.L., RM. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, and F.O. Zuloaga. 2004. A revision of Trisetum, Peyritschia, and Sphenopholis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveninae) in Mexico and Central America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91:1-30
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=louis-marie1928a
|text=Louis-Marie, Father, O.C. 1928. The genus Trisetum in America. Rhodora 30:209-228, 231-245
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=shelly1987a
|text=Shelly, J.S. 1987. Rediscovery and preliminary studies of Trisetum orthochaetum, Missoula County, Montana. Proc. Montana Acad. Sci. 47:3-4 [abstract].
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annual; without sterile shoots.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lower glumes 3-veined; spikelets 3-6 mm long; panicles 0.3-1.5 cm wide; plants native
|[[Trisetum interruptum|Trisetum interruptum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lower glumes 1-veined; spikelets 2.5-3.5 mm long; panicles 0.5-3 cm wide; plants not native, not established
|[[Trisetum aureum|Trisetum aureum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial; usually producing both fertile and sterile shoots.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lemmas unawned or with inconspicuous straight awns up to 2 mm long that rarely exceed the lemma apices.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Panicles usually 2-4 cm wide, lax and nodding; callus and rachilla hairs 1.3-2 mm long; plants of eastern North America
|[[Trisetum melicoides|Trisetum melicoides]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Panicles usually 1-1.5 cm wide, erect; callus hairs shorter than 0.5 mm; rachilla hairs up to 1 mm long; plants of western North America
|[[Trisetum wolfii|Trisetum wolfii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lemmas with evident awns 3-14 mm long, these straight, curved, flexuous, or geniculate, exceeding the lemma apices.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants rhizomatous; culms usually solitary.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lemma teeth usually 3-6 mm long; ligules 0.5-1(2) mm long
|[[Trisetum flavescens|Trisetum flavescens]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Lemma teeth usually shorter than 1 mm; ligules 1-5 mm long.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Culms 15-65 cm tall; panicles 2-12(16) cm long; plants of Alaska and the Yukon Territory
|[[Trisetum sibiricum|Trisetum sibiricum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Culms 80-110 cm tall; panicles 13-20 cm long; known only from Montana
|[[Trisetum orthochaetum|Trisetum orthochaetum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants not rhizomatous; culms clumped.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Glumes usually subequal; both glumes lanceolate; upper glumes less than twice as wide as the lower glumes
|[[Trisetum spicatum|Trisetum spicatum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Glumes usually unequal, sometimes subequal; lower glumes subulate to linear-lanceolate or lance-elliptic; upper glumes broadly lanceolate to ovate or obovate, at least twice as wide as the lower glumes.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Upper glumes as long as or longer than the lowest florets; awns 3-9 mm long; rachilla hairs up to 1.5 mm long; ligules 0.5-2 mm long; panicles yellowish brown
|[[Trisetum flavescens|Trisetum flavescens]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Upper glumes shorter than the lowest florets; awns 7-14 mm long; rachilla hairs 0.7-2.5 mm long; ligules 1.5-6 mm long; panicles green or tan.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Most panicle branches, except sometimes the lowermost, spikelet-bearing for their full length; panicles erect or nodding at the apices; branches ascending to somewhat divergent; upper glumes widest at or below the middle, tapering to the apices; lower glumes 3-5 mm long
|[[Trisetum canescens|Trisetum canescens]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Most panicle branches, except sometimes the uppermost, spikelet-bearing only towards the apices; panicles nodding; branches of at least the lowest 1-3 whorls spreading or drooping; upper glumes widest at or above the middle, rounded to the apices; lower glumes 0.75-3 mm long
|[[Trisetum cernuum|Trisetum cernuum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trisetum
|author=John H. Rumely;
|authority=Pers.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;Vt.;Wash.;Colo.;N.J.;Wis.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Tenn.;N.Y.;Pa.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Calif.;Nev.;Va.;Alaska;Ariz.;Idaho;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;R.I.;Kans.;Mont.;Miss.;Oreg.
|reference=dixon1995a;hitchcock1951a;hulten1959b;knot2004a;louis-marie1928a;shelly1987a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_1055.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae
|genus=Trisetum
|anther quantity=3
|apex architecture or shape=entire;bifid;apiculate
|apex shape=acute
|auricle presence=absent
|blade shape=rolled
|branch pubescence or relief=scabrous
|callus pubescence=hairy
|caryopse coloration=brown
|caryopse height or length or size=shorter
|caryopse prominence=concealed
|caryopse shape=compressed;elongate-fusiform
|culm architecture=branching
|culm position=extravaginal;basal
|culm pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|culm some measurement=5cm;150cm
|distal floret reproduction=bisexual
|embryo arrangement or shape=elliptic
|embryo quantity=0;1/3
|endosperm coloration=milky
|floret presence=absent
|floret quantity=2;5
|floret size=reduced
|glume size=unequal;subequal
|inflorescence architecture=open
|inflorescence density=diffuse;dense
|inflorescence shape=spikelike
|internode length=prolonged
|internode prominence=evident
|keel pubescence or relief=scabrous
|lateral-vein quantity=0;1/2
|lemma architecture=3-7-veined
|ligule architecture or relief=erose
|ligule pubescence=ciliolate
|ligule shape=lacerate
|ligule texture=membranous
|lodicule quantity=2
|lodicule shape=usually slenderly lobed;fimbriate
|lower glume architecture=1(3)-veined
|margin architecture or shape=awned
|margin coloration=hyaline
|ovary pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|palea architecture=2-veined
|palea size=subequal;longer
|palea texture=membranous
|rachilla pubescence=hairy
|sheath fusion=fused
|spikelet architecture=sessile;usually subsessile;pedicellate
|spikelet shape=compressed
|spikelet some measurement=2.5mm;12mm
|style quantity=2
|tip architecture=bristlelike
|upper glume architecture=3(5)-veined
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]]