View source for Triteleia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Triteleia
|accepted_authority=Douglas ex Lindley
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|place=15: under plate 1293. 1830
|year=1830
}}
|common_names=Triteleia;triplet-lily
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brodiaea sect. Calliprora
|authority=(Lindley) S. Watson
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brodiaea subg. Calliprora
|authority=(Lindley) Eastwood
|rank=subgenus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brodiaea subg. Hesperoscordum
|authority=(Lindley) Eastwood
|rank=subgenus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brodiaea sect. Seubertia
|authority=(Kunth) S. Watson
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brodiaea subg. Triteleia
|authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Eastwood
|rank=subgenus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Calliprora
|authority=
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hesperoscordum
|authority=
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Seubertia
|authority=
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Triteleia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Triteleia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek tri, three, and teleios, perfect, alluding to all flower parts in threes
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 53, 55, 321, 332, 334, 335, 336, 339
|treatment_page=page 338
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;corm coating"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf quantity"><b>Leaves </b>1–3, basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade pubescence;margin architecture or shape">blade narrowly lanceolate (linear in Triteleia ixioides), keeled, channeled, glabrous, margins entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="scape orientation;scape shape;scape diameter;scape texture"><b>Scape </b>erect, cylindrical, 1–5 mm diam., rigid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>umbellate, open, bracteate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bract coloration;bract shape;bract texture">bracts green (purplish in T. lemmoniae), ± lanceolate, scarious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth architecture;perianth fusion;lobe orientation"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth 6-tepaled, connate proximally into tube of varying length and shape, usually funnelform, lobes similar, usually ascending to spreading;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 6, epitepalous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="filament fusion;filament fusion;portion fusion;portion shape;portion shape;base shape;apical appendage presence">filaments distinct, adnate to perianth-tube in 1 or 2 rows, equal or of 2 unequal lengths, free portions flattened, sometimes dilated at base to form triangle, apical appendages usually absent, when present sometimes forming a crown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="anther fixation;anther course">anthers versatile, usually curving away from stigma;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 3-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovary position;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovule orientation;ovule quantity">ovary superior, green or colored like perianth (yellow in T. peduncularis, white in T. clementina), stipitate, 3-locular, ovules anatropous, 2–several per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style some measurement">style 2–4 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma weakly 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pedicel orientation;pedicel architecture;pedicel length or size">pedicel ± erect, often articulate, usually longer than perianth (shorter in T. crocea).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, ovoid, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed relief;seed texture;seed architecture or coloration or relief;side quantity"><b>Seeds </b>black, ridged on 1 side, subglobose, rounded, coarsely and irregularly pitted, minutely granulate or granulate-reticulate, coat with crust.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 7, 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America;n Mexico
|discussion=<p>Species 15 (14 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>For discussion of relationships, see under Brodiaea.</p><!--
--><p>Molecular evidence (J. C. Pires 2000) suggests the artificiality of the subgenera and sections that have been recognized within Triteleia, consistent with R. F. Hoover (1941), who recognized sections for reasons of convenience only. Thus, those infrageneric taxa are not utilized here.</p><!--
--><p>Several species of Triteleia are exceedingly variable, and polyploidy is common: multiples of both x = 7 and x = 8 occur, suggesting that chromosomal changes have played a significant evolutionary role within the genus (M. P. Burbanck 1941).</p><!--
--><p>Triteleia is widely distributed west of the Rocky Mountains, but its greatest diversity is in the “Klamath area” of northwestern California and southern Oregon. The corms of some species were eaten by native Americans.</p><!--
--><p>Among the most important diagnostic characters within Triteleia are features of the androecium, particularly stamen height and insertion relative to the perianth, and the presence of apical filament appendages. These characters are easily seen in the field with a hand lens. When collecting flowering specimens, one should make a point of mounting a few dissected flowers in a manner that displays these critical characters.</p><!--
--><p>The only Triteleia species that does not occur in the flora, T. guadalupensis L. W. Lenz, is endemic to Guadalupe Island off Baja California.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens attached alternately at 2 levels on perianth tube, forming 2 rows of 3.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens all attached at same level at throat of perianth tube.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perianth tube obtuse and rounded at base; ovary twice as long as stipe.
|[[Triteleia grandiflora|Triteleia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perianth tube acute or attenuate at base; ovary shorter than or equal to stipe (slightly longer than stipe in T. crocea).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens unequal, alternately long and short.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens equal in length or nearly so.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pedicel 0.7–2 cm; perianth 12–19 mm, bright yellow or pale blue; ovary green.
|[[Triteleia crocea|Triteleia crocea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pedicel 2–10(–18) cm; perianth 15–28 mm, white, often flushed violet or lilac abaxially; ovary bright yellow.
|[[Triteleia peduncularis|Triteleia peduncularis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Perianth 16–27 mm, lavender; anthers purple, 1.5 mm; endemic to San Clemente Island.
|[[Triteleia clementina|Triteleia clementina]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Perianth 18–47 mm, pale blue, sometimes deep bluish purple or white; anthers white to bluish, 2–5 mm; widespread in California.
|[[Triteleia laxa|Triteleia laxa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stamens unequal, alternately long and short.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stamens equal in length or nearly so.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Longer filaments rounded apically.
|[[Triteleia lugens|Triteleia lugens]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Longer filaments not rounded apically.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Apical filament appendages short, blunt, or absent; perianth tube ca. equal to lobes.
|[[Triteleia dudleyi|Triteleia dudleyi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Apical filament appendages pointed, conspicuous; perianth tube much shorter than or equal to lobes.
|[[Triteleia ixioides|Triteleia ixioides]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Perianth 27–45 mm, tube strongly attenuate, lobes shorter than tube.
|[[Triteleia bridgesii|Triteleia bridgesii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Perianth 7–23 mm, tube turbinate, bowl-shaped, or funnelform and moderately attenuate at base, lobes 2–3 times longer than tube.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Perianth tube funnelform, attenuate at base, lobes ca. twice as long as tube.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Perianth tube turbinate or shallowly bowl-shaped, lobes 2–3 times longer than tube.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Perianth 12–17 mm; filaments more than 1/2 as long as perianth lobes.
|[[Triteleia montana|Triteleia montana]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Perianth 18–26 mm; filaments less than 1/2 as long as perianth lobes.
|[[Triteleia hendersonii|Triteleia hendersonii]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Perianth bright yellow to deep orange, turbinate; Arizona.
|[[Triteleia lemmoniae|Triteleia lemmoniae]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Perianth white, blue, or lilac, shallowly bowl-shaped; not in Arizona.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Filaments usually triangular-dilated, hyaline vesicles absent from perianth tube; usually moist soils, widespread.
|[[Triteleia hyacinthina|Triteleia hyacinthina]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Filaments always linear, hyaline vesicles present in perianth tube; dry rocky outcrops, volcanic hills and mesas of n California.
|[[Triteleia lilacina|Triteleia lilacina]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Triteleia
|author=J. Chris Pires
|authority=Douglas ex Lindley
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Brodiaea sect. Calliprora;Brodiaea subg. Calliprora;Brodiaea subg. Hesperoscordum;Brodiaea sect. Seubertia;Brodiaea subg. Triteleia;Calliprora;Hesperoscordum;Seubertia
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|distribution=w North America;n Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|publication year=1830
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_688.xml
|genus=Triteleia
|anther course=curving
|anther fixation=versatile
|apical appendage presence=absent
|base shape=triangle
|blade pubescence=glabrous
|blade shape=channeled;keeled;lanceolate
|bract coloration=green
|bract shape=lanceolate
|bract texture=scarious
|corm coating=fibrous-coated
|filament fusion=adnate;distinct
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit shape=ovoid
|inflorescence architecture=bracteate;open;umbellate
|leaf quantity=1;3
|lobe orientation=usually ascending;spreading
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|ovary architecture=stipitate
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary coloration=colored;green
|ovary position=superior
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=2;several
|pedicel architecture=articulate
|pedicel length or size=usually longer
|pedicel orientation=erect
|perianth architecture=6-tepaled
|perianth fusion=connate
|pistil architecture=3-carpellate
|portion fusion=free
|portion shape=dilated;flattened
|scape diameter=1mm;5mm
|scape orientation=erect
|scape shape=cylindrical
|scape texture=rigid
|seed architecture or coloration or relief=granulate-reticulate
|seed coloration=black
|seed relief=pitted
|seed shape=rounded;subglobose;ridged
|seed texture=granulate
|side quantity=1
|stamen position=epitepalous
|stamen quantity=6
|stigma shape=3-lobed
|style some measurement=2mm;4mm
|whole_organism architecture=scapose
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=8;7
}}<!--

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