View source for Tulipa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tulipa
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 305. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 145. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Tulip;tulipe;tulipán
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Tulipa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tulipa]]</div></div>
|etymology=Persian thoulyban or Turkish tulbend, turban, alluding to the shape of the just-opening perianth
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 15, 53, 57, 153
|treatment_page=page 199
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, scapose or subscapose, bulbose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bulb architecture;bulb architecture;bulb texture">bulbs often stoloniferous, tunicate, papery to coriaceous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="tunic pubescence;tunic pubescence">tunics variously hairy or glabrous adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf atypical quantity;leaf quantity;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf size"><b>Leaves </b>2–6 (–12), cauline, alternate, reduced distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade texture">blade linear to oblong, somewhat fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;bract presence"><b>Inflorescences </b>1 (–4) -flowered, bracts usually absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth shape"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth campanulate to cupshaped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tepal duration;tepal quantity;tepal fusion;tepal coloration;tepal architecture;tepal variability">tepals caducous, 6, distinct, often blotched near base, petaloid, ± equal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="nectary presence">nectaries absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion">stamens 6, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament height or length or size;filament shape">filaments shorter than tepals, basally dilated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther fixation;anther arrangement;anther dehiscence">anthers basifixed, linear to narrowly elliptic, introrse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary superior, 3-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="style height or length or size;style presence">style very short or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma prominently 3-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit texture;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, ellipsoid to subglobose, 3-angled, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="row quantity"><b>Seeds </b>many, in 2 rows per locule, flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed prominence or shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;temperate Eurasia (especially c);temperate Eurasia (w Asia);n Africa;cultivated worldwide
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 150 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The common garden tulip (Tulipa gesneriana Linnaeus) and a number of other species (T. bakeri Hall, T. clusiana de Candolle, T. fosteriana Hoog ex W. Irving, T. kaufmanniana Regel, T. tarda Stapf), as well as a vast array of complex hybrid cultivars, are commonly planted for their spring flowers. Over 3500 names applied to tulips are currently listed (J. van Scheepen 1996). While some of these species or cultivars may persist for a short time, they rarely become truly naturalized in the flora. Taxonomic difficulties abound in Tulipa due to their long-established cultivation, hybridization, and selection.</p><!--
--><p>Viral infection of tulips results in odd, yet often attractive, colored streaks in the flowers. In the early 1600s these variants, called “broken” tulips, became prized in the Netherlands, widely sought, and worth considerable money. The ensuing “tulipomania” lead to widespread trading, speculation, and then, as with most similar fads, a sudden market collapse in 1637 (W. Blunt 1950; M. Dash 1999; F. A. Stafleu 1963).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tulipa
|author=Gerald B. Straley†;Frederick H. Utech
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;temperate Eurasia (especially c);temperate Eurasia (w Asia);n Africa;cultivated worldwide
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_337.xml
|genus=Tulipa
|anther arrangement=linear;narrowly elliptic
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|anther fixation=basifixed
|blade shape=linear;oblong
|blade texture=fleshy
|bract presence=absent
|bulb architecture=tunicate;stoloniferous
|bulb texture=papery;coriaceous
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|cauline leaf size=reduced
|filament height or length or size=shorter
|filament shape=dilated
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit shape=3-angled;ellipsoid;subglobose
|fruit texture=leathery
|inflorescence architecture=1(-4)-flowered
|leaf atypical quantity=6;12
|leaf quantity=2;6
|nectary presence=absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary position=superior
|perianth shape=campanulate;cupshaped
|row quantity=2
|seed prominence or shape=flat
|seed quantity=many
|stamen fusion=distinct
|stamen quantity=6
|stigma shape=3-lobed
|style height or length or size=short
|style presence=absent
|tepal architecture=petaloid
|tepal coloration=blotched
|tepal duration=caducous
|tepal fusion=distinct
|tepal quantity=6
|tepal variability=equal
|tunic pubescence=glabrous;hairy
|whole_organism architecture=bulbose;subscapose;scapose
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

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