View source for Turnera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Turnera
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 271. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 131. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Turnera
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Turneraceae;Turnera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Turneraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Turnera]]</div></div>
|etymology=For William Turner, 1515 – 1568, English botanist
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 165, 168
|treatment_page=page 167
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;hair architecture or function or pubescence;hair architecture;glandular-hair architecture or shape;glandular-hair architecture or shape"><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], hairs glandular and simple [stellate], glandular-hairs sessile-capitate or microcapitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>petiolate or sessile, often with nectaries;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule presence;stipule presence">stipules present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="inflorescence position"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="peduncle fusion;peduncle fusion">peduncle free or adnate to petiole (flowers epiphyllous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="prophyll duration">prophylls persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>mostly distylous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion">sepals at least 1/3 connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;basal spot coloration">petals yellow or white [salmon, pink, orange, or red], sometimes with dark basal spot;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corona presence">corona absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">filaments often with nectaries;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther fixation;anther fixation">anthers dorsifixed or basifixed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule pubescence or texture;capsule relief;capsule relief;capsule relief;capsule relief"><b>Capsules </b>granulose, rugose, or verrucose [smooth].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>reticulate [striate].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed architecture or coloration or relief;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome atypical quantity">x = 5, 7, (13).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sc;se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa
|discussion=<p>Species 142 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>I. Urban (1883) divided Turnera into nine series, and M. M. Arbo (2008) added two. Phylogenetic studies (S. Truyens et al. 2005; Arbo and S. M. Espert 2009) indicate that it is monophyletic.</p><!--
--><p>Turnera subulata Smith, with a dark basal spot in the yellow petals, has been collected twice, probably as a garden escape, in Miami-Dade County, southern Florida.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=arbo2000a
|text=Arbo, M. M. 2000. Estudios sistemáticos en Turnera (Turneraceae). II. Series Annulares, Capitatae, Microphyllae y Papilliferae. Bonplandia (Corrientes) 10: 1–82.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arbo2005a
|text=Arbo, M. M. 2005. Estudios sistemáticos en Turnera (Turneraceae). III. Series Anomalae y Turnera. Bonplandia (Corrientes) 14: 115–318.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arbo2008a
|text=Arbo, M. M. 2008. Estudios sistemáticos en Turnera (Turneraceae). IV. Series Leiocarpae, Conciliatae y Sessilifoliae. Bonplandia (Corrientes) 17: 107–334.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arbo2009a
|text=Arbo, M. M. and S. M. Espert. 2009. Morphology, phylogeny and biogeography of Turnera L. (Turneraceae). Taxon 58: 457–467.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arbo2011a
|text=Arbo, M. M. and S. M. Mazza. 2011. The major diversity centre for neotropical Turneraceae. Syst. Biodivers. 9: 203–210.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=truyens2005a
|text=Truyens, S., M. M. Arbo, and J. S. Shore. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships, chromosome and breeding system evolution in Turnera (Turneraceae): Inferences from ITS sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 92: 1749–1758.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves: petiole without nectaries, blade margins revolute; inflorescences 0.5–0.8 cm, not epiphyllous; filaments adnate for 0.2 mm to base of floral tube, anther pockets absent; anthers dorsifixed.
|[[Turnera diffusa|Turnera diffusa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves: petiole with nectaries, blade margins not revolute; inflorescences 2–4 cm, epiphyllous; proximal part of filaments adnate by margins to floral tube forming 5 nectar pockets; anthers basifixed
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers distylous; petals white.
|[[Turnera coerulea|Turnera coerulea]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers homostylous; petals yellow.
|[[Turnera ulmifolia|Turnera ulmifolia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Turnera
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Turneraceae
|distribution=sc;se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa
|reference=arbo2000a;arbo2005a;arbo2008a;arbo2009a;arbo2011a;truyens2005a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_304.xml
|genus=Turnera
|anther fixation=basifixed;dorsifixed
|basal spot coloration=dark
|capsule pubescence or texture=granulose
|capsule relief=verrucose;rugose;verrucose;rugose
|corona presence=absent
|flower architecture=distylous
|glandular-hair architecture or shape=microcapitate;sessile-capitate
|hair architecture=simple
|hair architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|pedicel presence=absent
|peduncle fusion=adnate;free
|petal coloration=white;yellow
|prophyll duration=persistent
|seed architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=1/3
|stipule presence=absent;absent
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub;herb
|x chromosome atypical quantity=13
|x chromosome quantity=7;5
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Turneraceae]]