View source for Turneraceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Turneraceae
|accepted_authority=Kunth ex de Candolle
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Turneraceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Turneraceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 170, 171
|treatment_page=page 165
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], perennial, often rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;hair architecture;hair arrangement or shape"><b>Stems </b>usually branched, hairs simple and/or porrect-stellate [stellate] and, sometimes, glandular-hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, sessile or petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule presence;stipule presence">stipules present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin shape;blade margin shape">blade margins crenate or serrate filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma shape">stigmas 3, penicillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit architecture;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, 3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="seed shape;seed course;seed course"><b>Seeds </b>obovoid, straight or curved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="aril shape;aril size;aril texture">aril inserted around hilum, lobed, plump, membranous when dry;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="endosperm texture">endosperm fleshy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="embryo course">embryo straight.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sc;se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Indian Ocean Islands (Mascarene Islands)
|discussion=<p>Genera 10, species 226 (2 genera, 4 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The close relationships of Turneraceae with Passifloraceae, Malesherbiaceae, and Violaceae have long been recognized, especially by the presence of cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycosides and cyclopentenyl fatty acids. These families have traditionally been positioned in Parietales or Violales with other taxa that have parietal placentation; analyses of DNA sequence data indicate that only a subset of the taxa with parietal placentation are closely related. The group that includes Turneraceae is embedded within Malpighiales (V. Savolainen et al. 2000b; D. E. Soltis et al. 2000; O. I. Nandi et al. 1998; M. W. Chase et al. 2002).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=brizicky1961b
|text=Brizicky, G. K. 1961. The genera of Turneraceae and Passifloraceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 42: 204–218.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=urban1883a
|text=Urban, I. 1883. Monographie der Familie der Turneraceen. Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 81–148.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Hairs porrect-stellate and simple, seldom absent, glandular hairs absent; leaves without nectaries; peduncle free; corona present.
|[[Piriqueta|Piriqueta]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Hairs glandular and simple, glandular hairs microcapitate or sessile-capitate; leaves often with nectaries; peduncle free or adnate to petiole (flowers epiphyllous); corona absent.
|[[Turnera|Turnera]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Turneraceae
|author=María Mercedes Arbo
|authority=Kunth ex de Candolle
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Turneraceae
|illustrator=Linny Heagy
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=sc;se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Indian Ocean Islands (Mascarene Islands)
|reference=brizicky1961b;urban1883a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_300.xml
|aril shape=lobed
|aril size=plump
|aril texture=membranous
|blade margin shape=filiform;serrate;crenate
|embryo course=straight
|endosperm texture=fleshy
|fruit architecture=3-valved;capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|hair architecture=simple
|hair arrangement or shape=porrect-stellate
|leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|seed course=curved;straight
|seed shape=obovoid
|stem architecture=branched
|stigma quantity=3
|stigma shape=penicillate
|stipule presence=absent;absent
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub;herb
}}<!--

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