View source for Vanilla

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Vanilla
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 3. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Vanilloideae;Orchidaceae tribe Vanilleae;Orchidaceae (tribe Vanilleae) subtribe Vanillinae;Vanilla
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Vanilloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Vanilleae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Orchidaceae (tribe Vanilleae) subtribe Vanillinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Vanilla]]</div></div>
|etymology=Spanish vainilla, little pod or capsule, referring to long, podlike fruits
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 491, 494, 496, 510
|treatment_page=page 507
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism habitat;whole_organism habitat;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Vines,</b> terrestrial or hemiepiphytic, monopodial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root coloration;root size;root pubescence;root width;root pubescence"><b>Roots </b>at each stem node, gray-green, slender, and glabrous when free, thick and villous on contact with substrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem growth form;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem shape;stem width;stem texture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>scandent, branching, naked, terete, thick, succulent, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture;leaf texture;leaf texture"><b>Leaves </b>persistent when large or deciduous when scalelike, distichous, articulate, sheathless, fleshy or leathery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="lateral branch height or length or size;raceme architecture;raceme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>on short lateral branches or peduncles, racemes, bracteate, densely flowered.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="flower duration;flower orientation;flower size;flower prominence"><b>Flowers </b>ephemeral, resupinate, large, showy, opening sequentially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal fusion;sepal fusion">sepals spreading, distinct and free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal fusion;petal fusion;petal shape">petals distinct and/or free, keeled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="lip fusion;lip architecture;lip shape;margin shape or vernation">lip adnate to base of column, simple or lobed, margins basally involute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="disc relief">disc variously ornamented;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="column shape;column shape;column architecture;column pubescence">column elongate, semiterete, footless, often pubescent proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther position or structure subtype;anther fixation;anther arrangement or orientation">anther terminal, versatile, incumbent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pollinium quantity;pollinium pubescence or texture;pollinium pubescence or texture;unit shape">pollinia 4, soft, mealy, composed of monads, without accessory structures, appearing triangular when removed as a unit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture">ovaries articulate proximally and distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma lobe arrangement">stigma lobes confluent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="rostellum prominence">rostellum undeveloped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits berry shape;fruits berry texture;fruits berry dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>berries, elongate, leathery, indehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed size"><b>Seeds </b>small;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed-coat texture">seed-coat hard.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropical and subtropical regions;North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Southeast Asia;w Pacific Islands
|discussion=<p>Species 100 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Vanilla pompona Schiede has escaped cultivation in Miami-Dade County, Florida (P. M. Brown 2002). It may be distinguished from the other Vanilla species by the following combination of characteristics: persistent leaves that are much longer than the internodes; flat or straight sepal and petal margins; a simple, yellow-green to yellow-orange lip with a tuft of retrorse hairs; and floral bracts that are at least 12 mm. In addition to the characteristics above, V. pompona generally has thicker leaves and stems than the two species for which it may be confused, V. planifolia and V. phaeantha.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves much shorter than internodes, early deciduous or persistent.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves nearly as long as or longer than internodes, persistent.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip largely reddish purple, no yellow present (in flora); most leaves early deciduous, a few persistent, margins revolute, apex hooked.
|[[Vanilla dilloniana|Vanilla dilloniana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip deep red adaxially, shading to white margins, with broad yellow midrib; all leaves early deciduous, margins not revolute, apex not hooked.
|[[Vanilla barbellata|Vanilla barbellata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Sepal and petal margins undulate, apex reflexed; lip disc 3-keeled toward apex, tuft of hairs absent; stems less than 5 mm diam.
|[[Vanilla mexicana|Vanilla mexicana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Sepal and petal margins straight, apex spreading; lip disc without keels, tuft of scalelike hairs present; stems more than 6 mm diam.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Sepals 7–9 cm; fruits less than 11 cm.
|[[Vanilla phaeantha|Vanilla phaeantha]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Sepals 3.5–5.5 cm; fruits 15–25 cm.
|[[Vanilla planifolia|Vanilla planifolia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Vanilla
|author=James D. Ackerman
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=Tropical and subtropical regions;North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Southeast Asia;w Pacific Islands
|reference=None
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_1034.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Vanilloideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Vanilleae
|subtribe=Orchidaceae (tribe Vanilleae) subtribe Vanillinae
|genus=Vanilla
|anther arrangement or orientation=incumbent
|anther fixation=versatile
|anther position or structure subtype=terminal
|column architecture=footless
|column pubescence=pubescent
|column shape=semiterete;elongate
|disc relief=ornamented
|flower duration=ephemeral
|flower orientation=resupinate
|flower prominence=showy
|flower size=large
|fruits berry dehiscence=indehiscent
|fruits berry shape=elongate
|fruits berry texture=leathery
|lateral branch height or length or size=short
|leaf architecture=sheathless;articulate
|leaf arrangement=distichous
|leaf duration=persistent
|leaf texture=leathery;fleshy
|lip architecture=simple
|lip fusion=adnate
|lip shape=lobed
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|ovary architecture=articulate
|petal fusion=free;distinct
|petal shape=keeled
|pollinium pubescence or texture=mealy;soft
|pollinium quantity=4
|raceme architecture=flowered;bracteate
|root coloration=gray-green
|root pubescence=villous;glabrous
|root size=slender
|root width=thick
|rostellum prominence=undeveloped
|seed size=small
|seed-coat texture=hard
|sepal fusion=free;distinct
|sepal orientation=spreading
|stem architecture=naked;branching
|stem growth form=scandent
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem shape=terete
|stem texture=succulent
|stem width=thick
|stigma lobe arrangement=confluent
|unit shape=triangular
|whole_organism architecture=monopodial
|whole_organism growth form=vine
|whole_organism habitat=hemiepiphytic;terrestrial
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae (tribe Vanilleae) subtribe Vanillinae]]