View source for Verbesina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Verbesina
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 901. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 384. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Verbesina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Verbesina]]</div></div>
|etymology=No etymology in protologue; perhaps from genus name Verbena and Latin - ina, resemblance
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 65, 66, 67
|treatment_page=page 106
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals </b>or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>usually erect, usually branched (internodes sometimes winged).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and/or cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">opposite (sometimes whorled) or alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;ultimate margin shape;ultimate margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades (pinnately nerved or 3-nerved or 5-nerved from at or near bases) mostly rhombic, deltate, ovate, or elliptic to lanceolate or lance-linear (sometimes intermediate shapes), sometimes pinnately or palmately lobed, bases cuneate to rounded or cordate, ultimate margins subentire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture;head architecture;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>radiate or discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform, dichasiiform, or paniculiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre diameter;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>hemispheric, turbinate, or campanulate to saucerlike, 5–20+ [–30+] mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary quantity;series atypical quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, 9–30 [–50+] in 1–4 [–5+] series (orbiculate, ovate, or oblong to spatulate, lanceolate, or linear, subequal or unequal, outer shorter or longer than inner, herbaceous to chartaceous).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to convex or ± conic, paleate (paleae usually navicular, ± conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, linear to filiform in V. encelioides and V. nana).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret presence;ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction;ray-floret architecture"><b>Ray-</b>florets 0 or (1–) 5–30, either pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellow to orange or ochroleucous [reddish].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 8–150 [–300+], bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;throat variability;throat shape;lobe quantity;lobe shape">corollas usually concolorous with rays, tubes much shorter than or ± equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate to lance-deltate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape"><b>Cypselae </b>± flattened, orbiculate, obovate, or oblanceolate to ± elliptic (usually winged);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus quantity">pappi persistent [falling], usually of 2, ± subulate scales or awns, sometimes 0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="scale shape;awn shape;awn presence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 17, 18?</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate North America
|discussion=<p>Species 200 or more (16 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=coleman1966a
|text=Coleman, J. R. 1966. A taxonomic revision of section Ximenesia of the genus Verbesina (Compositae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 76: 475–481.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=coleman1966b
|text=Coleman, J. R. 1966b. A taxonomic revision of section Sonoricola of the genus Verbesina (Compositae). Madroño 18: 129–137.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=olsen1979a
|text=Olsen, J. S. 1979. Taxonomy of the Verbesina virginica complex (Asteraceae). Sida 8: 128–134.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximalmost sometimes opposite)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves all or mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas usually ochroleucous, sometimes white
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas yellow
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets 0
|[[Verbesina walteri|Verbesina walteri]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets (1–)2–12+
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Ray florets (1–)2–3(–7); disc florets 8–12(–15)
|[[Verbesina virginica|Verbesina virginica]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Ray florets (9–)10–12+; disc florets 20–25+
|[[Verbesina microptera|Verbesina microptera]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants 10–50(–120+)cm (annuals); internodes not winged; disc florets 80–150+
|[[Verbesina encelioides|Verbesina encelioides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Plants 7–15 or 30–200+ cm (perennating bases ± erect or horizontal); internodes (at least proximal) winged; disc florets 40–80+
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Heads (3–)8–25(–50+) in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; phyllaries 8–12in 1(–2) series, ± spreading to reflexed; ray florets (2–)6–8+
|[[Verbesina alternifolia|Verbesina alternifolia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Heads 2–5(–10+) in ± corymbiform arrays; phyllaries 16–21+ in 2–3 series,± erect; ray florets 8–13+
|[[Verbesina helianthoides|Verbesina helianthoides]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Internodes winged
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Internodes not winged
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllaries 8–12+ in 2 series; ray florets (0–)1–3(–5); disc florets 8–15+; pappi 3–4 mm
|[[Verbesina occidentalis|Verbesina occidentalis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllaries 18–20+ in 2–3 series; ray florets (5–)8; disc florets 20–60+; pappi 0–0.3mm
|[[Verbesina heterophylla|Verbesina heterophylla]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants mostly 7–15+ cm; leaves: abaxial faces mostly strigoso-sericeous; cypselae± strigillose
|[[Verbesina nana|Verbesina nana]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants mostly 30–100(–150+) cm; leaves: faces (at least abaxial) scabrellous to hirtellous, hirsutulous, or hispidulous (not strigoso-sericeous); cypselae glabrous or sparsely hirtellous
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Perennating bases horizontal; disc florets 40–60(–80+); cypselae purplish black; Florida
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Perennating bases ± erect; disc florets 60–120+; cypselae dark brown; Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Phyllaries 2–3+ mm; ray florets (5–)11–13; cypselae 4–5 mm; pappi 0.5–1mm
|[[Verbesina aristata|Verbesina aristata]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Phyllaries 5–9+ mm; ray florets 0; cypselae 5–7 mm; pappi 0–0.3 mm
|[[Verbesina chapmanii|Verbesina chapmanii]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades ± lance-linear (lengths 10–15 times widths)
|[[Verbesina longifolia|Verbesina longifolia]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, ovate, ovate-deltate, or rhombic (lengths mostly 1.5–2.5 times widths)
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappi 3–4 mm
|[[Verbesina dissita|Verbesina dissita]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Pappi 0–0.5 mm
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Phyllaries 12–16 in ± 2 series, lance-linear, lance-ovate, or linear, 4–7 mm
|[[Verbesina oreophila|Verbesina oreophila]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Phyllaries 18–30+ in 3–4 series, elliptic, oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, 5–12+ mm
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Involucres 10–15+ mm diam.; phyllaries elliptic to oblong; cypselae 10 mm
|[[Verbesina rothrockii|Verbesina rothrockii]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Involucres 15–22+ mm diam.; phyllaries oblong, orbiculate, or ovate; cypselae 7 mm
|[[Verbesina lindheimeri|Verbesina lindheimeri]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Verbesina
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate North America
|reference=coleman1966a;coleman1966b;olsen1979a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_252.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Verbesina
|array architecture=paniculiform;dichasiiform;corymbiform
|awn presence=absent
|awn shape=subulate
|base shape=cuneate;rounded or cordate
|blade shape=lobed;elliptic;lanceolate or lance-linear
|corolla coloration=concolorous;yellow;orange or ochroleucous
|cypsela shape=oblanceolate;more or less elliptic
|disc-floret atypical quantity=150;300
|disc-floret quantity=8;150
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|head architecture=discoid;radiate
|head arrangement=in corymbiform , dichasiiform or paniculiform , arrays;singly
|involucre diameter=5mm;20mm
|involucre shape=campanulate;saucerlike
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate;opposite
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=less deltate;lance-deltate
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus quantity=2
|phyllary atypical quantity=30;50
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary quantity=9;30
|ray-floret architecture=neuter;styliferous;pistillate
|ray-floret atypical quantity=1;5
|ray-floret presence=absent
|ray-floret quantity=5;30
|ray-floret reproduction=sterile;fertile
|receptacle architecture=paleate
|receptacle shape=flat;convex or more or less conic
|scale shape=subulate
|series atypical quantity=4;5
|series quantity=1;4
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|throat shape=campanulate
|throat variability=equaling
|tube height or length or size=much shorter
|ultimate margin shape=toothed;subentire
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=7cm;15cm
|x chromosome quantity=18;17
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]