View source for Volutaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Volutaria
|accepted_authority=Cassini
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|place=1816: 200. 1816
|year=1816
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyanopsis
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Volutarella
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Volutaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Volutaria]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin voluta, twisted, spiral, and - aria, possession, alluding to spirally coiled corolla lobes of original species
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 67, 84
|treatment_page=page 174
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> to 50 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism architecture or shape;whole-organism duration">taprooted, not spiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, branched, leafy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="branch quantity;branch orientation">branches few–many, ascending.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">winged-petiolate (basal and proximal cauline) or sessile (mid and distal cauline);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin shape;blade margin shape;face pubescence;face architecture or function or pubescence">blade margins entire to dentate or pinnately divided, faces villous (hairs septate), minutely glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="head arrangement;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture or shape;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>radiant, borne singly or in few-headed corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>ovoid, 10–15 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary size;phyllary fixation or orientation;phyllary shape;series quantity;margin architecture or shape;apex shape;apex architecture;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine orientation;spine shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in several series, unequal, appressed, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, apices acute, tipped by ascending, spreading or reflexed, flattened spines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle architecture;receptacle pubescence"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, epaleate, bristly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="peripheral floret architecture"><b>Florets:</b> peripheral neuter;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla orientation;lobe atypical quantity;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas pink to purple, [blue, or yellow], spreading, lobes (5–6), linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="inner floret reproduction;corolla coloration;tube size;throat shape;lobe shape">inner fertile, corollas pink to purple, [blue, yellow, or oarea, colored like the outer or not], tubes slender, throats narrowly cylindric, lobes linear-oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases tailed, apical appendages lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="portion fusion;node pubescence;portion fusion;portion height or length or size;portion arrangement or course or shape">style-branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions short, linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;collar prominence;face relief;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>± barrel-shaped, weakly compressed, ribbed, apices with prominent collars, faces pitted, attachment scars lateral (excavated, surrounded by prominent rims, with eliasomes);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="scale series quantity;scale quantity;scale fusion;scale coloration;scale size or width">pappi persistent, of several series of many distinct, white to tawny, narrow scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="pappus duration;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 8, 12, 13, 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);w Asia;Macaronesia;ne Africa
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 16 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Volutaria
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Cassini
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Cyanopsis;Volutarella
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Europe (Mediterranean region);w Asia;Macaronesia;ne Africa
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris
|publication year=1816
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_193.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Volutaria
|anther base shape=tailed
|apex architecture=tipped
|apex shape=acute
|apical appendage shape=lanceolate
|array architecture=corymbiform
|array architecture or shape=few-headed
|attachment scar position=lateral
|blade margin architecture or shape=entire
|blade margin shape=divided;dentate
|branch orientation=ascending
|branch quantity=few;many
|collar prominence=prominent
|corolla coloration=pink;purple
|corolla orientation=spreading
|cypsela architecture or shape=ribbed
|cypsela shape=compressed;barrel--shaped
|face architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|face pubescence=villous
|face relief=pitted
|head arrangement=in few-headed corymbiform arrays;singly;radiant
|inner floret reproduction=fertile
|involucre diameter=10mm;15mm
|involucre shape=ovoid
|leaf architecture=sessile;winged-petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|lobe atypical quantity=5;6
|lobe shape=linear-oblong
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|node pubescence=hairy
|pappus duration=persistent
|peripheral floret architecture=neuter
|phyllary fixation or orientation=appressed
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary shape=ovate;lanceolate
|phyllary size=unequal
|portion arrangement or course or shape=linear
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion height or length or size=short
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|receptacle pubescence=bristly
|scale coloration=white;tawny
|scale fusion=distinct
|scale quantity=many
|scale series quantity=several
|scale size or width=narrow
|series quantity=several
|spine orientation=reflexed;spreading;ascending
|spine shape=flattened
|stem architecture=leafy;branched
|stem orientation=erect
|throat shape=cylindric
|tube size=slender
|whole-organism architecture=taprooted
|whole-organism architecture or shape=not spiny
|whole-organism duration=annual
|whole-organism some measurement=0cm;50cm
|x chromosome quantity=14;13;12;8
}}<!--

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