View source for Vulpia ← Vulpia You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Vulpia |accepted_authority=C.C. Gmel. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Vulpia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Vulpia]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 448 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>usually annual, rarely perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm orientation;culm pubescence;base growth form or orientation"><b>Culms </b>5-90 cm, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, usually glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath pubescence"><b>Sheaths </b>open, usually glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="ligule some measurement;ligule texture;ligule architecture or shape;ligule architecture or pubescence or shape">ligules usually shorter than 1 mm, membranous, usually truncate, ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade pubescence;blade pubescence">blades flat or rolled, glabrous or pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescences panicle shape;inflorescences raceme shape;spikelet quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>panicles or racemes, sometimes spikelike, usually with more than 1 spikelet associated with each node;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="branch quantity;branch orientation;branch orientation;branch pubescence;branch pubescence or relief">branches 1-3 per node, appressed or spreading, usually glabrous, scabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>pedicellate, laterally compressed, with 1-11 (17) florets, distal florets reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="distal floret size">disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets, occasionally also at the base of the pedicels.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="glume height or length or size;glume shape;lemma arrangement;apex shape;apex architecture"><b>Glumes </b>shorter than the adjacent lemmas, subulate to lanceolate, apices acute to acuminate, unawned or awn-tipped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="lower glume height or length or size;lower glume architecture">lower glumes much shorter than the upper glumes, 1-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="upper glume architecture">upper glumes 3-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="floret size">rachillas terminating in a reduced floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="callus shape;callus pubescence">calluses blunt, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma shape;lemma architecture;vein arrangement;margin shape or vernation;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">lemmas membranous, lanceolate, 3-5-veined, veins converging distally, margins involute over the edges of the caryopses, apices entire, acute to acuminate, mucronate or awned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="palea height or length or size;palea length or size;lemma variability">paleas usually slightly shorter than to equaling the lemmas, sometimes longer;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="anther quantity;anther quantity;specimen reproduction">anthers usually 1, rarely 3 in chasmogamous specimens.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties=""><b>Caryopses </b>shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, elongate, dorsally compressed, curved in cross-section, falling with the lemma and palea.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="caryopse height or length or size;caryopse prominence;caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse course;caryopse life cycle;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Fla.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;Wash.;Ariz.;Colo.;Ga.;Iowa;Idaho;Maine;Mich.;Miss.;Nebr.;Nev.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Wis.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Kans.;Minn.;N.Dak.;Mass.;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Oreg.;N.C.;Tenn.;Calif.;Puerto Rico;Alaska;Ala.;Va.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mont.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon |discussion=<p>Vulpia, a genus of 30 species, is most abundant in Europe and the Mediterranean region (Cotton and Stace 1967). The Flora region has three native and three introduced species. Most species, including ours, are weedy, cleistogamous annuals, usually having one anther per floret. Festuca, in which Vulpia is sometimes included, consists of chasmogamous species having three anthers per floret. The two genera are closely related to each other. Sterile hybrids between Vulpia and Festuca, and Vulpia and Lolium, are known.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=cotton1967a |text=Cotton, R. and C.A. Stace. 1967. Taxonomy of the genus Vulpia (Gramineae): I. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of the Old World species. Genetica 46:235-255 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=lonard1974a |text=Lonard, R.I. and F.W. Gould. 1974. The North American species of Vulpia (Gramineae). Madrono 22:217-230 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=stace1975a |text=Stace, C.A. 1975. Wild hybrids in the British flora. Pp. 111-125 in S.M. Walters (ed.). European Floristic and Taxonomic Studies. E.W. Classey, Faringdon, England. 144 pp. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Lower glumes less than 1/2 the length of the upper glumes. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Lemmas 5-veined, glabrous except the margins sometimes ciliate; rachilla internodes 0.75-1.9 mm long |[[Vulpia myuros|Vulpia myuros]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Lemmas 3(5)-veined, pubescent or glabrous, the margins ciliate; rachilla internodes 0.4-0.9 mm long |[[Vulpia ciliata|Vulpia ciliata]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Lower glumes 1/2 or more the length of the upper glumes. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm long, the apices more pubescent than the bases; caryopses 1.5-2.5 mm long |[[Vulpia sciurea|Vulpia sciurea]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Lemmas 2.7-9.5 mm long, if pubescent, the apices no more so than the bases but occasionally ciliate; caryopses 1.7-6.5 mm long. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Panicle branches 1-2 per node; spikelets with 4-17 florets; rachilla internodes 0.5-0.7 mm long; awn of the lowermost lemma in each spikelet 0.3-9 mm long; caryopses 1.7-3.7 mm long |[[Vulpia octoflora|Vulpia octoflora]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Panicle branches solitary; spikelets with 1-8 florets; rachilla internodes 0.6-1.2 mm long; awn of the lowermost lemma in each spikelet 2-20 mm long; caryopses 3.5-6.5 mm long. |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Panicle branches appressed to erect at maturity, without axillary pulvini; paleas equal to or shorter than the lemmas |[[Vulpia bromoides|Vulpia bromoides]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Panicle branches spreading to reflexed at maturity, with axillary pulvini; paleas usually slightly longer than the lemmas |[[Vulpia microstachys|Vulpia microstachys]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Vulpia |author=Robert I. Lonard; |authority=C.C. Gmel. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Fla.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;Wash.;Ariz.;Colo.;Ga.;Iowa;Idaho;Maine;Mich.;Miss.;Nebr.;Nev.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Wis.;W.Va.;Del.;D.C;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Kans.;Minn.;N.Dak.;Mass.;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Oreg.;N.C.;Tenn.;Calif.;Puerto Rico;Alaska;Ala.;Va.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Mont.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon |reference=cotton1967a;lonard1974a;stace1975a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_637.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Vulpia |anther quantity=3;1 |apex architecture=awn-tipped |apex shape=acute;acuminate mucronate or awned |auricle presence=absent |base growth form or orientation=decumbent |blade pubescence=pubescent;glabrous |blade shape=rolled;flat |branch orientation=spreading;appressed |branch pubescence=glabrous |branch pubescence or relief=scabrous |branch quantity=1;3 |callus pubescence=glabrous |callus shape=blunt |caryopse course=curved |caryopse height or length or size=shorter |caryopse life cycle=falling |caryopse prominence=concealed |caryopse shape=compressed;elongate |culm orientation=ascending;erect |culm pubescence=glabrous |culm some measurement=5cm;90cm |distal floret size=reduced |floret atypical quantity=17 |floret quantity=1;11 |floret size=reduced |glume height or length or size=shorter |glume shape=subulate;lanceolate |inflorescences panicle shape=spikelike |inflorescences raceme shape=spikelike |lemma architecture=3-5-veined |lemma arrangement=adjacent |lemma shape=lanceolate |lemma texture=membranous |lemma variability=equaling |ligule architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate |ligule architecture or shape=truncate |ligule some measurement=1 |ligule texture=membranous |lower glume architecture=1-veined |lower glume height or length or size=much shorter |margin shape or vernation=involute |palea height or length or size=usually slightly shorter |palea length or size=longer |sheath architecture=open |sheath pubescence=glabrous |specimen reproduction=chasmogamous |spikelet architecture=pedicellate |spikelet shape=compressed |upper glume architecture=3-veined |vein arrangement=converging |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Vulpia.