View source for Xanthium ← Xanthium You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Xanthium |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 987. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 424. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Lampourde |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Xanthium]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek xanthos, yellow, evidently alluding to an ancient name for a plant that produced a yellow dye |volume=Volume 21 |mention_page=page 9 |treatment_page=page 19 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals </b>(coarse), 10–200+ cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">mostly alternate (proximal 2–6 sometimes opposite);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;ultimate margin shape;ultimate margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades lanceolate, linear, ovate, rounded-deltate, or suborbiculate, often ± palmately or pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or ± toothed, faces hirtellous or ± strigose, usually glanddotted as well.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head architecture;head architecture;head architecture;head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>discoid, either pistillate (proximal) or functionally staminate (distal), in racemiform to spiciform arrays or borne singly (in axils).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="head architecture;involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Pistillate </b>heads: involucres ± ellipsoid, 2–5+ mm diam. at anthesis (6–20+ mm diam. at maturity);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="head architecture;phyllary quantity;series quantity;outer phyllary quantity;outer phyllary fusion;outer phyllary fusion;tip fusion;tip shape;tip texture;perigynium architecture">phyllaries 30–75+ in 6–12+ series, outer 5–8 distinct, the rest (sometimes interpreted as paleae) proximally connate, their distinct tips mostly ± hooked (the distal 1–3 usually longer, stouter, and not hooked), the whole becoming a hard, prickly perigynium (a bur);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="head architecture;floret quantity;corolla presence">florets 2, corollas 0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="head architecture;involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Staminate </b>heads: involucres ± saucer-shaped, 3–5 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="head architecture;phyllary quantity;phyllary fusion;series quantity">phyllaries 6–16+ in 1–2+ series, distinct to bases;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="head architecture;receptacle shape">receptacles conic to columnar;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="head architecture;palea shape;palea texture;palea pubescence;palea pubescence">paleae spatulate to cuneiform or linear, membranous, distally ± villous or hirtellous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="head architecture;floret quantity;corolla coloration;lobe quantity;lobe orientation;lobe orientation">florets 20–50+, corollas whitish, ± funnelform, lobes 5, erect or reflexed (filaments connate, anthers distinct or weakly coherent).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela shape;bur shape;bur texture;bur architecture;bur architecture"><b>Cypselae </b>(black) ± fusiform, enclosed in obovoid to ellipsoid, hard, prickly, 2-chambered burs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">pappi 0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 18.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=New World;nearly worldwide |discussion=<p>Species 2–3 (2 in the flora).</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Nodal spines 0; leaf blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate |[[Xanthium strumarium|Xanthium strumarium]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Nodal spines (1–)3-lobed, 15–30+ mm; leaf blades ± lanceolate to ovate or lance-linear |[[Xanthium spinosum|Xanthium spinosum]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Xanthium |author=John L. Strother |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subtribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Asteraceae |distribution=New World;nearly worldwide |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_26.xml |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae |genus=Xanthium |blade shape=lobed;suborbiculate;rounded-deltate;suborbiculate;rounded-deltate;ovate;linear;lanceolate |bur architecture=2-chambered;prickly |bur shape=obovoid;ellipsoid |bur texture=hard |corolla coloration=whitish |corolla presence=absent |cypsela shape=fusiform |face pubescence=strigose;hirtellous |floret quantity=20;50 |head architecture=staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;racemiform;spiciform |head architecture or shape=discoid |head arrangement=singly |involucre diameter=3mm;5mm |involucre shape=saucer--shaped;ellipsoid |leaf architecture=petiolate |leaf arrangement=alternate |leaf position=cauline |lobe orientation=reflexed;erect |lobe quantity=5 |outer phyllary fusion=connate;distinct |outer phyllary quantity=5;8 |palea pubescence=hirtellous;villous |palea shape=spatulate;cuneiform or linear |palea texture=membranous |pappus presence=absent |perigynium architecture=prickly |phyllary fusion=distinct |phyllary quantity=6;16 |receptacle shape=conic;columnar |series quantity=1;2 |stem architecture=branched |stem orientation=erect |tip fusion=distinct |tip shape=hooked |tip texture=hard |ultimate margin shape=toothed;entire |whole-organism duration=annual |whole-organism some measurement=10cm;200cm |x chromosome quantity=18 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Asteraceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Xanthium.