View source for Zinnia ← Zinnia You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Zinnia |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Syst. Nat. ed. |place=10, 2: 1189, 1221, 1377. 1759 |year=1759 }} |common_names=Zinnia |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Zinnia |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Zinnia]]</div></div> |etymology=For Johann Gottfried Zinn, 1727–1759, professor of botany, Göttingen, known for botanical studies in Mexico |volume=Volume 21 |mention_page=page 3, 64, 65, 72, 74 |treatment_page=page 71 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals </b>or subshrubs [perennials], 10–100 (–200+) cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>prostrate or erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">opposite or subopposite;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">sessile [petiolate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade arrangement or shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;face pubescence">blades (1-nerved, 3-nerved, or 5-nerved from bases) acerose, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, linear, oblong, or ovate, bases rounded to cuneate, margins entire, faces hairy (often scabrous or scabrellous), usually glanddotted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>usually radiate (rarely ± discoid in Z. anomala), borne singly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre width;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>campanulate, cylindric, to hemispheric or broader, 5–25 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, 12–30+ in 3–4+ series (orbiculate to obovate or oblong, unequal, often colored or dark-banded distally, outer shorter).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>conic, paleate (paleae yellowish, often reddish to purplish distally, chartaceous to scarious, conduplicate, apices rounded to acute, sometimes fimbriate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets usually 5–21 (more in “double” cultivars, sometimes 0 in Z. anomala), pistillate, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas yellow, orange, red, maroon, purple, or white (laminae persistent, sessile or nearly so, becoming papery, sometimes much reduced).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 20–150+, bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;throat shape;lobe quantity;lobe shape">corollas usually yellow to reddish, sometimes purple-tinged, tubes much shorter than cylindric throats, lobes 5, lanceovate (usually unequal, usually villous or velutinous adaxially).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape"><b>Cypselae </b>3-angled (ray) or flattened (disc; not winged);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="awn atypical quantity;awn quantity;scale atypical quantity;scale quantity">pappi 0, or persistent, of 1–3 (–4) awns or toothlike scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus duration;pappus shape;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 12 (11, 10).</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=United States;Mexico;Central America;South America (one species to Argentina);South America (Bolivia) |discussion=<p>Species ca. 17 (5 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>A. M. Torres (1963) recognized subg. Diplothrix, comprising six species, including the three perennial species treated here, and subg. Zinnia, comprising 11 species, mostly annuals. This division is reflected in the first couplet of the key.</p><!-- --><p>Zinnia angustifolia Kunth (= Z. linearis Bentham), native to northern and western Mexico, is commonly grown as an ornamental in the United States and has been reported from Utah (S. L. Welsh et al. 1993); the record was likely from a cultivated source. The species also persists in gardens in California; it is not known outside of cultivation. It can be distinguished from other zinnias by the combination of annual habit, plants to 50 cm, leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic (mostly 2–7 cm × 4–8 mm), involucres mostly hemispheric, usually much less than 1 cm high or wide, bright orange ray corollas (white-rayed and other color variants known in cultivation), and lobes of disc flowers glabrous or nearly so. Hybrids between Z. angustifolia and Z. violacea are known in the horticultural trade.</p><!-- --><p>The lack of articulation of the corolla tubes in the ray florets of Zinnia verticillata Andrews (= Z. peruviana) and the bilateral disposition of vascular bundles (continuous with vasculature of the ovary walls) in the ray florets led D. Don (1830) to conclude that true ray “corollas” in Zinnia are lacking, being replaced instead by de novo petaloid structures that mimic ray corollas of other Compositae.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=don1830a |text=Don, D. 1830. On the origin and nature of the ligulate rays in Zinnia; and on a remarkable multiplication observed in the parts of fructification of that genus. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16: 155–158. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=torres1963a |text=Torres, A. M. 1963. Taxonomy of Zinnia. Brittonia 15: 1–25. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Annuals, 30–50(–200) cm; leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate; involucres campanulate, or hemispheric or broader, 10–25 mm diam |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Subshrubs, to 22 cm; leaf blades linear to acerose; involucres narrowly campanulate, cylindric, or subhemispheric, 5–10mm diam |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Involucres narrowly to broadly campanulate, 9–18 × 10–20 mm; paleae apically obtuse, erose or subentire; pappi usually of 1 awn (disc cypselae) |[[Zinnia peruviana|Zinnia peruviana]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Involucres hemispheric or broader, 10–15 × 15–25 mm; paleae apically fimbriate; pappi 0 |[[Zinnia violacea|Zinnia violacea]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Leaf blades 1-nerved, linear to acerose; ray florets 4–7, corollas usually white, sometimes pale yellow |[[Zinnia acerosa|Zinnia acerosa]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Leaf blades 1- or 3-nerved (some larger leaves), linear; ray florets usually 5–8, corollas usually yellow (laminae sometimes 0) |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Involucres 8–10 mm; ray laminae 0–6(–9) mm |[[Zinnia anomala|Zinnia anomala]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Involucres 5–8 mm; ray laminae mostly 10–18 mm |[[Zinnia grandiflora|Zinnia grandiflora]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Zinnia |author=Alan R. Smith |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subtribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Asteraceae |distribution=United States;Mexico;Central America;South America (one species to Argentina);South America (Bolivia) |reference=don1830a;torres1963a |publication title=Syst. Nat. ed. |publication year=1759 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_155.xml |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae |genus=Zinnia |awn atypical quantity=3;4 |awn quantity=1;3 |base shape=rounded;cuneate |blade arrangement or shape=elliptic |blade shape=ovate;oblong;ovate;oblong;linear;lanceolate;lance-linear;acerose |corolla coloration=purple-tinged;usually yellow;reddish |cypsela shape=flattened;3-angled |disc-floret quantity=20;150 |disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual |face pubescence=hairy |head architecture or arrangement=radiate |head arrangement=singly |involucre diameter=5mm;25mm |involucre shape=cylindric;hemispheric |involucre width=broader |leaf architecture=sessile |leaf arrangement=subopposite;opposite |leaf position=cauline |lobe quantity=5 |lobe shape=lanceovate |margin architecture or shape=entire |pappus duration=persistent |pappus presence=absent |pappus shape=toothlike |phyllary duration=persistent |phyllary quantity=12;30 |ray-floret architecture=pistillate |ray-floret quantity=5;21 |ray-floret reproduction=fertile |receptacle architecture=paleate |receptacle shape=conic |scale atypical quantity=3;4 |scale quantity=1;3 |series quantity=3;4 |stem orientation=erect;prostrate |throat shape=cylindric |tube height or length or size=much shorter |whole-organism atypical some measurement=100cm;200cm |whole-organism duration=annual |whole-organism some measurement=10cm;100cm |whole_organism atypical some measurement=100cm;200cm |whole_organism growth form=subshrub |whole_organism some measurement=10cm;100cm |x chromosome quantity=10];[11;12 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Asteraceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Zinnia.