View source for Zygodon

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Zygodon
|accepted_authority=Hooker & Taylor
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Muscol. Brit.,
|place=70, plates 3 [upper left], 21 [upper left]. 1818
|year=1818
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orthotrichaceae;Zygodon
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orthotrichaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Zygodon]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek zygon, yoke, alluding to 16 peristome teeth initially connate in pairs in some species
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 37, 38, 79, 80, 664, 665, 667
|treatment_page=page 78
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form;cushion architecture or fragility"><b>Plants </b>small, in tufts or loose cushions.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;branch orientation"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending, branches erect to ascending.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf orientation;leaf architecture;leaf course;leaf shape;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf relief"><b>Leaves </b>loosely erect, irregularly twisted or curved around stem, sometimes undulate when dry, erect-spreading to squarrose-recurved when moist, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, not rugose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="base shape">base decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">margins entire, serrate or serrulate near apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="apex shape;apex architecture or shape">apex acute, usually apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="costa architecture;costa architecture">costa percurrent, ending near apex, or rarely excurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="basal laminal cell shape">basal laminal cells subquadrate to rectangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="distal cell shape;distal cell some measurement;distal cell architecture or pubescence or relief;distal cell architecture or pubescence or relief;papilla quantity;papilla shape">distal cells roundedquadrate to rounded-hexagonal, 4–14 µm, smooth or densely multipapillose only over lumina, papillae 2–6 per cell, clavate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">marginal cells not differentiated from basal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="marginal cell variability;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction;marginal cell reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous, autoicous, or synoicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">perichaetial leaves little different from stem-leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seta some measurement"><b>Seta </b>3–13 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule position;capsule shape;capsule architecture or shape;capsule length;capsule size"><b>Capsule </b>long-exserted, elliptic-oblong to fusiform, strongly 8-ribbed entire length, not constricted below mouth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stoma position">stomata superficial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="peristome quantity;peristome presence;peristome quantity;peristome presence">peristome double, single, or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth quantity;exostome tooth fusion;exostome tooth relief;pair quantity">exostome teeth 8, or 16 partially connate in 8 pairs, papillose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="endostome segment presence;endostome segment quantity;endostome segment quantity">endostome segments 0, 8, or 16.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="calyptra shape;calyptra shape;calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief;calyptra architecture;calyptra pubescence;calyptra architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation"><b>Calyptra </b>cucullate, conic, smooth, naked or rarely hairy, not plicate, covering distal portion of capsule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties=""><b>Spores </b>isosporous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 90 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Many species of Zygodon rarely produce sporophytes, and taxa are delimited on characters derived exclusively from the gametophyte. The genus is largely pantropical with several widespread temperate species. None of the species are found farther north than 60° N latitude. The leaves are keeled; the basal laminal cells are usually pale yellow; the capsules are 1–2 mm; and the spores are 11–22 µm.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Distal laminal cells smooth.
|[[Zygodon menziesii|Zygodon menziesii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Distal laminal cells papillose
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves wide-spreading to squarrose-recurved when moist; apices bluntly acute, apiculus absent; distal laminal cells 4-9 µm, walls very thick; gemmae absent.
|[[Zygodon gracilis|Zygodon gracilis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves spreading, ± recurved or rarely subsquarrose when moist; apices sharply acute, apiculus present; distal laminal cells 5-14 µm, walls somewhat thick; gemmae present
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costal abaxial surface smooth or covered by cells only at apex; sexual condition synoicous or autoicous.
|[[Zygodon reinwardtii|Zygodon reinwardtii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costal abaxial surface covered by cells distally; sexual condition dioicous
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Gemmae cylindric to fusiform, longitudinal walls absent; distal laminal cells 9-14 µm.
|[[Zygodon conoideus|Zygodon conoideus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Gemmae clavate, elliptic, or subcylindric, longitudinal walls present or absent; distal laminal cells 7-11 µm.
|[[Zygodon viridissimus|Zygodon viridissimus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Zygodon
|authority=Hooker & Taylor
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orthotrichaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|reference=None
|publication title=Muscol. Brit.,
|publication year=1818
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_122.xml
|genus=Zygodon
|apex architecture or shape=apiculate
|apex shape=acute
|basal laminal cell shape=subquadrate;rectangular
|base shape=decurrent
|branch orientation=erect;ascending
|calyptra architecture=naked
|calyptra architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=not plicate
|calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|calyptra pubescence=hairy
|calyptra shape=conic;cucullate
|capsule architecture or shape=8-ribbed
|capsule length=entire
|capsule position=long-exserted
|capsule shape=elliptic-oblong;fusiform
|capsule size=not constricted
|costa architecture=excurrent;percurrent
|cushion architecture or fragility=loose
|distal cell architecture or pubescence or relief=densely;smooth
|distal cell shape=roundedquadrate;rounded-hexagonal
|distal cell some measurement=4um;14um
|endostome segment presence=absent
|endostome segment quantity=16;8
|exostome tooth fusion=connate
|exostome tooth quantity=16;8
|exostome tooth relief=papillose
|leaf architecture=twisted
|leaf course=curved
|leaf orientation=erect-spreading;squarrose-recurved
|leaf relief=not rugose
|leaf shape=oblong-lanceolate;linear-lanceolate
|margin architecture or shape=serrulate;serrate;entire
|marginal cell reproduction=synoicous;autoicous;synoicous;autoicous;dioicous;sexual
|marginal cell variability=not differentiated
|pair quantity=8
|papilla quantity=2;6
|papilla shape=clavate
|peristome presence=absent;absent
|peristome quantity=single;single
|seta some measurement=3mm;13mm
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
|stoma position=superficial
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism size=small
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orthotrichaceae]]