Treatment on page 448. Mentioned on page 20, 427, 433, 449, 450, 454, 461, 468, 469. Shrubs, subshrubs, or trees, 0–150 [–180] dm. Stems 1–25, erect, ascending
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cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often soft), tuberculate
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page 396. Mentioned on page 5, 255, 364, 365, 366. Annuals or perennials, 5–150 cm. Stems erect, simple or branched (aerial shoots often from subterranean
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335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ±
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 67. Perennials, 20–150 cm. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves basal and cauline; opposite (proximal)
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page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate)
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 8, 9, 13, 87, 89, 94, 95, 437. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–150 (–200) cm (taprooted)
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429. Annuals, biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). Stems 1+, usually erect
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species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 629. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Shrubs, mostly 30–200 cm. Stems 1–5+, erect to spreading (tomentose
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 230. Mentioned on page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming
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perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or fibrous, caudices often woody). Stems 1–20+, erect to decumbent
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these often sharply distinct from the blades of the cauline leaves. Culms 5-150 cm, herbaceous, hollow, usually erect or ascending, rarely sprawling, in the
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rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
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Inflorescences terminal, 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences
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subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
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257, 300, 301, 306. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (0.5–) 1–250 cm. Leaves mostly basal, or basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; opposite and/or
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terminal, sometimes also axillary, (1-) 2-200-flowered panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts
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morphological similarities. Estimates of numbers of species in Ribes range from 150 to 200. The plants are found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere; it is likely
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Treatment on page 473. Mentioned on page 40, 471, 474. Perennials [annuals], 20–200 cm. Leaves basal (usually withering before flowering) and cauline; petiolate
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