not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
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bracteate; bracts distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored
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abruptly or gradually tapered or acuminate, occasionally piliferous; costa to 40–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal spine present or absent;
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centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
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reddish pappi in some species Synonyms: Haplopappus sect. Pyrrocoma (Hooker) H. M. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned
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substrate or not. Roots diffuse or taproots (adventitious from offsets in M. thornberi and M. prolifera). Stems unsegmented, green to gray-green, sometimes purplish
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Flaveria, Haploësthes, Sartwellia Lessing Syn. Gen. Compos., 235. 1832. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect
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Xylorhiza Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 195. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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P.M. and C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109 Peterson, P.M. 2000
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(or grooves) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20–80+, distinct, white, sordid, stramineous, or rufous, ± equal or unequal, barbellulate
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turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to
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(Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435 Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective
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example, M. aquaticum and M. spicatum). This issue is further complicated by hybridization of M. spicatum with native M. sibiricum (see 8. M. spicatum
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Marshalliinae Show Lower Taxa Marshallia H. Robinson Phytologia 41: 42. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 13, 57, 76, 78, 80. Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect to spreading, sometimes climbing, glabrous
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the PLANTS database on the basis of a putative record in R. D. Thomas and C. M. Allen (1993–1998); there appears to be no such record therein. The only specimen
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all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest
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Trichocoronis Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 202. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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pycnocephala Besser Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 223. 1829. Leila M. Shultz Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 505. Mentioned
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