in the flora). In the key and descriptions that follow, for species with mostly prostrate stems, the side of the stem toward the ground is called the lower
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cauline (gradually or abruptly reduced distally); alternate; petiolate (mostly basal) or sessile; blades pinnately nerved, elliptic, lanceolate, linear
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sometimes stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular, often resinous. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; sessile; blades 1-nerved, linear to oblanceolate or
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perennials, mostly 20–120 cm. Stems often decumbent (rooting at proximal nodes), sparsely to densely branched. Leaves cauline; all or mostly opposite; petiolate;
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257, 295, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304. Annuals, 5–250 cm. Stems erect. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering) proximal opposite (often in rosettes), distal alternate;
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page 178. Mentioned on page 176. Perennials, mostly 30–120 cm. Stems erect. Leaves basal and/or cauline; mostly opposite; petiolate, subpetiolate, or sessile
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hemispheric or broader, 6–20 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly 8–16 in 2–3 series (mostly ovate to lanceolate, subequal to unequal, bases pallid, with
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256, 277, 280, 291. Annuals, 10–120 cm. Stems ± erect to prostrate. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering); proximal opposite (often in winter–spring rosettes)
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Stems ± erect. Leaves mostly cauline; proximal opposite (forming winter–spring rosettes, sometimes present at flowering), mostly alternate; sessile; blades
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cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers connate or distinct
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erect, seldom branched (usually white in age). Leaves mostly cauline (proximal scalelike); mostly alternate, sometimes opposite; sessile or nearly so; blades
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30–80 [–250+] cm. Leaves mostly cauline [basal]; mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite); petiolate; blades deltate to cordate [ovate to lanceolate]
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opposite; usually sessile; blades mostly linear to elliptic, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, margins usually setose-ciliate (mostly near bases), faces glabrous
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sometimes conspicuously ribbed; sepals persistent, 4–8, valvate, usually deltate, sometimes subulate in Lythrum, alternating with segments of epicalyx or
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bracts not appressed, variable, from scalelike and awl-like to leaflike and deltate, lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate (at least at base), 3–10 mm, apex acute
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clambering-straggling. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blade mostly lanceolate, ovate, or deltate. Inflorescences terminal and often axillary spikes or panicles
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shrubs, 4–120 (–150) cm. Stems usually ± erect, rarely decumbent. Leaves mostly cauline (annuals forming winter–spring rosettes, usually withering by flowering);
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than throats, lobes 5, erect or spreading, deltate (lengths 2–2.5+ times widths); style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae oblong to elliptic or obovate
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“forked”). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or ± sessile; blades mostly elliptic to deltate, rhombic, or ovate, sometimes lyrate, ultimate margins entire
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erect. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering); proximal opposite (forming winter–spring rosettes, usually withering before flowering), mostly alternate; sessile;
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