pistil 5–10-carpellate; ovary inferior, 5-locular or 10-locular; stigma capitate. Fruits drupaceous, ovoid to globose, fleshy. Seeds (pyrenes) 10, ellipsoid;
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conic; carpels 10–80, glabrous, styles subbasal, fusiform, medially rough-thickened; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, individually deciduous, 10–80 or less
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Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Mexico (probably extinct) Varieties 10 (10 in the flora). Eriophyllum lanatum is a polyploid complex of intergrading
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culm, 10–150 mm, shorter than or exceeding spikelets, glabrous or ciliate. Spikelets: scales 3–10+, each subtending flower, distichous, proximal 2–4 scales
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and channeled, not septate. Inflorescences terminal panicles or racemes of 2–many heads or single terminal head, sympodial; bracteoles absent below perianth
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Leaves: petiole 5–10 mm; blade bright green, slightly glaucous to strongly gray-glaucous, shiny or dull, elliptic to ovate, 2–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm, base cuneate
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orbiculate to spatulate scales. x = 17. North America, Mexico Species 11 (10 in the flora). My treatment of Hymenopappus is essentially an adaptation of
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only under pressure. Spikelets 10-25 (40) mm, usually 1-3 times the length of the internodes, appressed to ascending, with 2-9 florets, the distal florets
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66, 67. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes
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lanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; tepals 6, persistent, ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct, violet, blue, or white, each 3–9-veined, lanceolate
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(–50) × 4–10 (–15) mm, apex acute to acuminate. Pedicels erect, not bent in fruit, usually 5–15 mm. Flowers: calyx 3–6 × 3–6 mm; petals connate 1–2.5 mm, pale
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1.8–12 (–20) cm, firm or flaccid; tubercles distinct, not confluent into ribs, pyramidal, conic, or cylindric, 3–25 × 2–9 mm; areoles of 2 kinds: vegetative
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poorly developed, segments with narrow linear to ovate perforations. Spores 10–40 µm, finely papillose (sometimes smooth in P. cyclophyllum), yellow, green
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page 365. Mentioned on page 19, 182, 361, 362, 372, 382, 466. Perennials, 10–120 cm (rhizomes long and slender to short and thick, sometimes cormoid, often
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patch-forming from rhizomes in C. socialis). Leaves simple. Leaf-blade 1-pinnate or 2-pinnate, ternate, or finely dissected; ultimate divisions lobed or unlobed
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leaves in capitate glomerules). Involucre ± actinomorphic, not spurred; glands (2–) 4, slightly concave, flat, or slightly convex; appendages petaloid or absent
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cross-section, 2.5–8 × 1.2–3.5 mm, 2–2.5 times as long as wide, dull, base rounded, apex tapering to beak, glabrous or pubescent; beak straight, 0.2–2 mm, emarginate
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translucent, veinless); ovules 10–86 [–110] per ovary; style obsolete or distinct; stigma capitate, (sometimes slightly 2-lobed). Seeds uniseriate, flattened
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nectaries as scales at base of carpels; stamens as many as sepals or 2 times as many and in 2 series, antipetalous if in 1 series, free or adnate to corolla
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from 1/2 as long as to almost equaling the lemmas, keels usually ciliate; lodicules fused into a single, collarlike structure extending 1/2 - 2/3 around
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