continuous with age, main axis determinate, usually terete. Stem segments green or sometimes reddish to purple, usually flattened, circular, elliptic, ovate,
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ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially,
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equal teeth; carpophore usually present. Seeds ca. (5–) 15–100 (–500+), reddish to gray or black, reniform to globose, usually tuberculate or papillate
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outer sometimes foliaceous, bases usually indurate, margins usually scarious, erose, hyaline or not, (apices usually with a well-defined green zone, sometimes
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inflorescences were usually spicate or racemose, although more complex inflorescences occurred, especially in Asia. Subgenus Indocarex usually had bisexual spikes
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membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1–12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum
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Volume 25. Treatment on page 602. Plants usually perennial. Culms 7-600 cm, annual, not woody, often reddish or purple, particularly at the nodes, often branched
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glabrous or hairy. Stems 1–20+; bark reddish, reddish-brown, gray-brown, or dark gray; long and short-shoots usually present; thorns present or absent. Leaves
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after anthesis, typically 3, erect, spreading, or recurved, distinct, red, purple, pink, white, yellow, green, or combination of these, ovate or obovate to
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ovary to 0.5 mm, green or pink to purple, (0.1–4 mm); sepals 5, green, sometimes reddish at tips, sometimes ± purple; petals absent or (1–) 5, white, cream
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base. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous or not; sheath fronts sometimes dotted purple or red, sometimes prominently veined proximally and becoming ladder-fibrillose
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pink, or purple, sometimes puce. Pomes bright or deep red to purple or black (late Aug), reddish purple to black (late Sep); pyrene sides usually pitted
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[mat-forming], usually not glaucous, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent or glabrate. Leaves basal and/or cauline, sometimes rosulate; usually alternate,
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subulate apex. Seta short to ± elongate, yellow to orange, reddish-brown, brown, or reddish purple; capsules immersed to emergent and subglobose to long-exserted
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Herbs usually annual, sometimes perennial, rarely biennial. Leaves basal and cauline, usually with well-developed basal rosette; blade usually pinnately
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that disperse seeds ballistically are usually on erect peduncles; capsules that passively release their seeds usually point downward (A. J. Beattie and N
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erect to recurved, usually ± deltate; style-branches stigmatic in 2 lines, apices usually truncate-penicillate. Cypselae cylindric, usually 5–10-ribbed (ribs
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 94, 95, 102. Trees or shrubs, rarely forming mats, erect, usually many branched. Stem segments firmly attached to easily dislodged, straight
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often accrescent in fruit, often greenish, white, pink, yellow, red, or purple, usually unwinged and unkeeled (winged or, sometimes, keeled in Fallopia, rarely
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cylindric, or conic leaves, usually present only on young growth and flowers. Plants of subfam. Cactoideae have vestigial, usually minute (or absent) leaves
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020