Flora of North America Association Herbs, to 6 dm. Leaves emersed, rarely floating, petiolate; blade ovate to elliptic, to 15 × 10 cm. Inflorescences to 1
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on page 145. Roots (1–) 2–21 per frond, abaxial surface at node. Fronds floating (only turions sink to bottom), 2–10, coherent in groups, each obovate-circular
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green or with margins of bright crimson or whole plants dark red, free-floating or forming multilayer mat to 4 cm thick under good conditions; plants infrequently
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terminal segments 3-200, linear to slightly spatulate, to 1.8 mm wide. Floating leaves: blade 0.6-3 cm × 1-4 mm, margins entire or notched to sagittate
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pointed; sheath not winged. Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–few, coherent in groups, obovate, flat to thickish (but not gibbous)
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rounded; sheath not winged. Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–few, coherent in groups, obovate, scarcely gibbous, flat, 1–4 mm
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pointed; sheath not winged. Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating or (rarely) submersed, 1 or 2–few, coherent in groups, ovate to lanceolate
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1–2.5 times as long as wide). Stipes small, white, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–few, coherent in groups, ovatelanceolate, flat, 1–6 mm, 1–3 times
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2–3 times as long as wide). Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–few, coherent in groups, ovate-obovate, flat, 1–4 mm, 1–1.7 times
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rounded; sheath not winged. Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–5 or more, coherent in groups, ovate, scarcely gibbous, flat, 1–8
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rounded; sheath not winged. Stipes white, small, often decaying. Fronds floating, 1 or 2–5 or more, coherent in groups, obovate, flat or gibbous, 1–3.5
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remainder of blade. Inflorescences racemes or panicles, of 1–15 whorls, floating or emersed, 1.5–28 × 1.5–15 cm; peduncles 15–47 cm; bracts distinct or
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rhizomatous or cespitose; synoecious. Culms 20-150 cm (occasionally longer in floating mats), erect or decumbent, often rooting at the nodes, branched or unbranched
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viscid-aromatic, pilose, sometimes sparsely so, producing long, juvenile, floating basal leaves. Culms 3-35 cm, erect, ascending, or decumbent, sometimes
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vertical. Leaves appearing before flowers, several, emergent or sometimes floating, clustered; petiole longer than blade; blade abaxially paler green, adaxially
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stems rooted in substrate, unbranched, short. Leaves basal, submersed [floating], petiolate; blade lanceolate to reniform [linear], base cuneate to cordate
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10–90 cm; glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves both submersed and floating or floating absent, spirally arranged. Submersed leaves sessile, lax; stipules
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cm; nodal glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves both submersed and floating or floating absent, spirally arranged. Submersed leaves petiolate, lax; stipules
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200 cm; nodal glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves submersed and floating or floating absent, spirally arranged. Submersed leaves sessile, lax; stipules
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nodal glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves both submersed and floating or the floating absent, spirally arranged. Submersed leaves sessile or petiolate
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