Bromus squarrosus

L.
Common names: Squarrose brome
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 237.
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Illustrator: Cindy Roché

Copyright: Utah State University

Plants annual. Culms 20-60 cm, erect or geniculately ascending. Lower sheaths densely pilose; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose, ciliolate; blades 5-15 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, densely pilose on both surfaces. Panicles 7-20 cm long, 4-8 cm wide, racemose, open, nodding, often with few spikelets, usually secund; branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, ascending-spreading, flexuous, slightly curved, usually with 1 spikelet. Spikelets 15-70 mm, broadly oblong or ovatelanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 8-30, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. Glumes smooth or scabrous; lower glumes 4.5-7 mm, 3-5 (7) -veined; upper glumes 6-8 mm, 7-veined; lemmas 8-11 mm long, 2-2.4 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, smooth or scabridulous, 7-9-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, strongly angled above the middle, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 8-10 mm, flattened and sometimes twisted at the base, divaricate at maturity, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 1-1.3 mm. Caryopses equaling the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled or flat. 2n = 14.

Distribution

Wash., Wis., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Idaho, Oreg., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., Wyo., N.J., N.Mex., Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T, Ont., N.Y., Pa., Colo., Ark., Vt., Ill., Ind., Conn., Mo., Mich., Mont., Ky.

Discussion

Bromus squarrosus grows in overgrazed pastures, fields, waste places, and road verges. Native to central Russia and southern Europe, it can be found mainly in southern Canada and the northern half of the United States.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Bromus squarrosus"
membranous +  and scarious +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
Leon E. Pavlickf +
divaricate +
3 (?) +  and 0 (?) +
flexuous +  and straight +
distinct +
subterminal +  and terminal +
flattened +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
not evident +
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
curved +  and flexuous +
sometimes longer +
ascending-spreading +
spikelike +
Squarrose brome +
not branching +
ascending +  and erect +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
not woody +
Wash. +, Wis. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Idaho +, Oreg. +, Kans. +, N.Dak. +, Nebr. +, S.Dak. +, Wyo. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.W.T +, Ont. +, N.Y. +, Pa. +, Colo. +, Ark. +, Vt. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Conn. +, Mo. +, Mich. +, Mont. +  and Ky. +
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
capillary +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
8 +  and 30 +
terete +  and laterally compressed +
1-9(11)-veined +
always shorter +  and usually shorter +
lanceolate +
subtending +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
mucronate +  and acute +
unequal +
uncinate +
solid +  and hollow +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
scabridulous +  and smooth +
rounded +  and lanceolate +
herbaceous +  and coriaceous +
2mm +  and 2.4mm +
ciliolate +  and hairy +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
lanceolate +
fleshy +  and membranous +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.6mm;0.9mm +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
hairy +  and glabrous +
well-developed +
reduced +
secund +  and open +
7cm +  and 20cm +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
converging +  and parallel +
Introduced +
1 +  and few +
not viviparous +
ovatelanceolate terete +  and moderately laterally compressed +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Gramineae +
Bromus squarrosus +
Bromus sect. Bromus +
species +
membranous +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +