Silene douglasii
Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 88. 1830.
Plants perennial; taproot stout; caudex branched, woody. Stems several–many, ascending from decumbent base, usually unbranched, slender, 10–40 (–70) cm, with short, fine, dense, retrorse or curled grayish white hairs, rarely subglabrous, typically not glandular but occasionally somewhat glandular distally. Leaves 2 per node, finely retrorse; blade with no visible lateral-veins, midrib distinct, oblanceolate, elliptic to linear, 2–10 cm × 1.5–13 mm, apex acute, puberulent to glabrous; basal leaves numerous, blade spatulate; cauline in 1–8 pairs, distal ones sessile. Inflorescences typically cymose, occasionally with reduced lateral cymes, 1-flowered or 3-flowered, open, bracteate, grayish white retrorse-puberulent, typically not glandular, rarely with few stipitate-glands; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2–10 × 0.5–2 mm, herbaceous, puberulent. Pedicels ascending, straight, 0.5–4 cm. Flowers: calyx green, sometimes suffused with purple, prominently 10-veined, tubular in flower, campanulate and ± inflated in fruit, occasionally somewhat constricted near base, 12–15 × 3–10 mm, papery, grayish white retrorse-puberulent and eglandular, often ciliate, rarely glabrous or with few stipitate-glands, veins parallel, green, forked and connate between lobes, lobes 5, erect, ovate-triangular, 2–3 mm, margins membranous, apex blunt; corolla creamy white, often greenish and occasionally tinged with dark-pink, clawed, to 2 times calyx, claw slightly longer than calyx, limb obovate-lanceolate, deeply 2-lobed, 4–11 mm, lobes oblong, rounded, margins entire to erose, appendages 1–2 (–3) mm; stamens equaling corolla claw; styles 3–5, 1–11/2 times corolla claw. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 11/3 times calyx, opening by 3–5 ascending to spreading teeth; carpophore 3–4 mm. Seeds rusty brown, broadly reniform, sides flat, 1.2–1.5 mm, margins coarsely papillate, verrucate-tuberculate.
Distribution
B.C., Calif., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo.
Discussion
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).
Silene douglasii is usually readily recognized by its characteristic short, retrorse, grayish-white, eglandular pubescence on the calyx and pedicels. This, together with the usual absence of lateral teeth on the petals, appears to be the only reliable character separating it from S. parryi. However, intermediates between the two species occur, and it is probable that the occasional plants of S. douglasii with stipitate-glandular hairs in the inflorescence (e.g., var. rupinae and some plants that have been referred to var. monantha) have arisen through gene exchange with S. parryi, although it should be noted that A. R. Kruckeberg (1961) reported that such hybrids, when artificially produced, were sterile.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Leaf blades 3-13 mm wide, 0.3-0.7 mm thick, fleshy; calyces strongly inflated, (4-)7-10(-12) mm diam. at anthesis; petal limbs 5-11 mm wide, often with lateral tooth on each side; coastal Oregon | Silene douglasii var. oraria |
| 1 | Leaf blades 1.5-9 mm wide, 0.1-0.5 mm thick, not fleshy; calyces not strongly inflated, (3-)5-8(-10) mm diam. at anthesis; petal limbs 1-5 mm wide, usually without lateral teeth; widespread in w North America | > 2 |
| 2 | Leaf blades 1.5-5 mm wide, typically over 15 times longer than wide, ± linear; pubescence on inflorecences and calyces often glandular; cliffs and ledges of Columbia River gorge | Silene douglasii var. rupinae |
| 2 | Leaf blades 2-9 mm wide, typically 5-10 times longer than wide, oblanceolate to elliptic to broadly linear; pubescence on inflorescences and calyces eglandular (very rarely with few stipitate glands); widespread in w North America | Silene douglasii var. douglasii |
"fine" is not a number.