Euphorbia tithymaloides subsp. smallii

(Millspaugh) V. W. Steinmann

Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50. 2003.

Common names: Jacob’s ladder devil’s backbone redbird flower
Illustrated
Basionym: Pedilanthus smallii Millspaugh Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 358. 1913
Synonyms: P. tithymaloides subsp. smallii (Millspaugh) Dressler Tithymalus smallii (Millspaugh) Small
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 294.
Revision as of 17:26, 29 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
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Shrubs. Stems 0.7–2 m. Leaves: stipules dark-brown, 0.5–0.6 × 0.5–0.6 mm; petiole 1.5–5 mm; blade usually elliptic to lanceovate, 25–70 × 13–32 mm, occasionally bractlike, 8–15 × 3.5–5 mm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acute or narrowly obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely pilose-puberulent, adaxial surface glabrate or sparsely puberulent; midvein prominent, keeled or winged adaxially. Cyathia: peduncle 6–9 mm; bracts red or pink, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or acuminate. Involucre red or pink, 8.5–12 mm; glands: medial slightly reniform, subquadrate to oblong, 0.8–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, lateral irregularly ovate or oblong, 1–1.2 × 0.6–1 mm; appendages pink or red. Pistillate flowers: styles 5–6 mm. Seeds 3.3 × 2.7 mm, faintly keeled dorsally, base rounded, apex apiculate.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting winter–early spring.
Habitat: Pinelands, hammocks.
Elevation: 0–10 m.

Discussion

Subspecies smallii is widely cultivated and was likely transported extensively by Spanish explorers very early but appears to be native to coastal areas of southern Florida and Matanzas in northern Cuba. Fieldwork suggests that several if not all Florida populations have apparently been extirpated due to development and human activity on Chokoloskee Island in the Florida Keys.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number."connate" is not a number.

pilose-puberulent +
puberulent +  and glabrate +
acuminate;acute;obtuse;acute;acuminate +
Natalia Ivalú Cacho +
(Millspaugh) V. W. Steinmann +
rounded +  and cuneate +
Pedilanthus smallii +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
bractlike;usually elliptic;lanceovate +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
pink +  and red +
distinct +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
oblong-lanceolate +  and oblong-ovate +
much smaller +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
branched +  and unbranched +
Jacob’s ladder +, devil’s backbone +  and redbird flower +
Fla. +  and West Indies (Cuba) +
0–10 m. +
1mm;1.2mm +
lateral +  and medial +
oblong +, ovate +  and subquadrate +
0.6mm +  and 1mm +
Pinelands, hammocks. +
axillary +  and terminal +
pink +  and red +
0.85 cm8.5 mm <br />0.0085 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
caducous +, deciduous +  and persistent +
bractlike +
palmate +  and pinnate +
crenulate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
connate;distinct +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Flowering and fruiting winter–early spring. +
Acta Bot. Mex. +
3.3 cm33 mm <br />0.033 m <br /> (?) +
2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br /> (?) +
Illustrated +
free +, connate +  and distinct +
zig-zag +
glabrate +  and puberulent +
terete +  and flattened +
70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
semisucculent +  and succulent +
deciduous +  and persistent +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
connate +  and distinct +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (?) +
glabrate +  and sparsely hairy +
P. tithymaloides subsp. smallii +  and Tithymalus smallii +
Euphorbia tithymaloides subsp. smallii +
Euphorbia tithymaloides +
subspecies +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
10 +, 9 +, 8 +, 7 +  and 6 +