Viola biflora var. biflora

Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 124.
Revision as of 10:16, 30 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
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Plants 3–20 cm. Basal leaf-blades 0.5–3 [–3.5] × 0.9–3.5 [–5] cm. Flowers: sepals usually without purple stripe; lowest petal 6–10 mm. Seeds 1.5–2 mm. 2n = 12.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat: Montane and arctic regions, tundra, mesic alpine meadows, scree slopes, grassy places in shade of alders and willows, lake margins, granite outcrops, moist coniferous forests, along streams and falls in wet moss, alluvial soil, sand
Elevation: 40–3900 m

Distribution

V6 202-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Yukon, Alaska, Colo., c, s Europe, Asia (c), Asia (n China), Asia (ne India), Asia (Indonesia [n Sumatra]), Asia (Japan), Asia (North Korea), Asia (Malaysia), Asia (Mongolia), Asia (Pakistan), Asia (Philippines), Asia (Russia), Asia (Siberia), Asia (Taiwan)

Discussion

In North America, var. biflora occurs in Alaska (45–3300 m; PNW Herbaria Portal 2010), Yukon (1200–1500 m), and nine counties in central Colorado (1950–3850 m).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

glabrate +  and more or less densely puberulent +
acute;obtuse +
purple stripe +
not +  and prominent +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate;oblong +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
Linnaeus +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
cordate +
overlapping +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
ovate +, broadly reniform +  and orbiculate +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (6.4 cm64 mm <br />0.064 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
muriculate +
oblong-ovoid +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (3.7 cm37 mm <br />0.037 m <br />) +
oblong +  and ovate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4.8 cm48 mm <br />0.048 m <br />) +
B.C. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Colo. +, c +, s Europe +, Asia (c) +, Asia (n China) +, Asia (ne India) +, Asia (Indonesia [n Sumatra]) +, Asia (Japan) +, Asia (North Korea) +, Asia (Malaysia) +, Asia (Mongolia) +, Asia (Pakistan) +, Asia (Philippines) +, Asia (Russia) +, Asia (Siberia) +  and Asia (Taiwan) +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
40–3900 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Montane and arctic regions, tundra, mesic alpine meadows, scree slopes, grassy places in shade of alders and willows, lake margins, granite outcrops, moist coniferous forests, along streams and falls in wet moss, alluvial soil, sand +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
cauline +  and basal +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
purple stripe +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate +  and oblong +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
brownish purple-veined +  and lemon-yellow +
lowest +, lateral +, upper +  and lower +
2 +  and 3 +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jul. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
deep-seated +
streaked with light and dark-brown +
ovoid;spherical +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
subequal +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate;oblong +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
yellow +  and yellowish green +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
lanceolate;oblong;ovate;oblong;ovate;ovatelanceolate +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
Chrysion biflorum +
Viola biflora var. biflora +
Viola biflora +
variety +
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +