Viola biflora var. carlottae

(Calder & Roy L. Taylor) B. Boivin

Naturaliste Canad. 93: 437. 1966.

Common names: Queen Charlotte twinflower violet violette des îles de la Reine-Charlotte
Endemic
Basionym: Viola biflora subsp. carlottae Calder & Roy L. Taylor Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1395. 1965
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 124.
Revision as of 10:16, 30 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
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Plants 5–20 (–25) cm. Basal leaf-blades 1.7–4.6 × 2–6.4 cm. Flowers: sepals usually with purple stripe; lowest petal 11–15 mm. Seeds 2.5 mm. 2n = 12.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat: Moist cliff faces, talus and rock outcrops, meadows and heathlands, rocky-grassy slopes, along streams, montane to alpine
Elevation: 300–1300 m

Discussion

Variety carlottae is known from the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Brooks Peninsula of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. It is reported to hybridize with V. glabella (G. W. Douglas et al. 1998–2002, vol. 5).

One of the characteristics used by Calder and Taylor to distinguish var. carlottae was the presence of a prominent purple stripe on the sepals. V. B. Baird (1942) reported that sepals of var. biflora plants in Colorado occasionally have one purple line down the center. Purple midveins are also reported on sepals of var. biflora in Taiwan (Hsieh C. F. 1977). Some herbarium specimens at UC identified as var. carlottae from the Queen Charlotte Islands do not have a purple midvein or stripe on the sepals. The presence of a purple midvein or stripe on the sepals should not by itself be used to make a determination of var. carlottae in areas other than the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island.

Floras that discuss the capsules of Viola biflora report that the surface is glabrous. One exception is G. W. Douglas et al. (1998–2002, vol. 5), where the capsules of var. carlottae in British Columbia are described as sparsely short-hairy.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

glabrate +  and more or less densely puberulent +
acute;obtuse +
purple stripe +
not +  and prominent +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate;oblong +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
(Calder & Roy L. Taylor) B. Boivin +
1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6.4 cm64 mm <br />0.064 m <br />) +
cordate +
Viola biflora subsp. carlottae +
overlapping +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
ovate +, broadly reniform +  and orbiculate +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (6.4 cm64 mm <br />0.064 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
muriculate +
oblong-ovoid +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (3.7 cm37 mm <br />0.037 m <br />) +
oblong +  and ovate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4.8 cm48 mm <br />0.048 m <br />) +
Queen Charlotte twinflower violet +  and violette des îles de la Reine-Charlotte +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
300–1300 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Moist cliff faces, talus and rock outcrops, meadows and heathlands, rocky-grassy slopes, along streams, montane to alpine +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1(-3)[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
cauline +  and basal +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
purple stripe +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate +  and oblong +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
brownish purple-veined +  and lemon-yellow +
lowest +, lateral +, upper +  and lower +
2 +  and 3 +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Flowering Jun–Jul. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
Naturaliste Canad. +
deep-seated +
streaked with light and dark-brown +
ovoid;spherical +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (?) +
subequal +
eciliate +  and ciliate +
narrowly lanceolate;oblong +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
longitudinal +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
yellow +  and yellowish green +
elongated +
gibbous +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
erect;ascending +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
lanceolate;oblong;ovate;oblong;ovate;ovatelanceolate +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
Chrysion biflorum +
Viola biflora var. carlottae +
Viola biflora +
variety +
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +